Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in Katowice, Jagiellońska 28, 40-032, Katowice, Poland.
Department of Plant Anatomy and Cytology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in Katowice, Jagiellońska 28, 40-032, Katowice, Poland.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2018 Aug;25(22):21498-21524. doi: 10.1007/s11356-018-2517-x. Epub 2018 Jun 19.
Currently, analgesics and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are classified as one of the most emerging group of xenobiotics and have been detected in various natural matrices. Among them, monocyclic paracetamol and ibuprofen, widely used to treat mild and moderate pain are the most popular. Since long-term adverse effects of these xenobiotics and their biological and pharmacokinetic activity especially at environmentally relevant concentrations are better understood, degradation of such contaminants has become a major concern. Moreover, to date, conventional wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are not fully adapted to remove that kind of micropollutants. Bioremediation processes, which utilize bacterial strains with increased degradation abilities, seem to be a promising alternative to the chemical methods used so far. Nevertheless, despite the wide prevalence of paracetamol and ibuprofen in the environment, toxicity and mechanism of their microbial degradation as well as genetic background of these processes remain not fully characterized. In this review, we described the current state of knowledge about toxicity and biodegradation mechanisms of paracetamol and ibuprofen and provided bioinformatics analysis concerning the genetic bases of these xenobiotics decomposition.
目前，镇痛药和非甾体抗炎药（NSAIDs）被归类为最新兴的一组外来化合物之一，并已在各种自然基质中检测到。其中，被广泛用于治疗轻度和中度疼痛的单环扑热息痛和布洛芬是最受欢迎的。由于这些外来化合物及其生物和药代动力学活性的长期不良影响，特别是在环境相关浓度下，人们对它们的了解更加深入，因此降解这些污染物已成为一个主要关注点。此外，迄今为止，传统的废水处理厂（WWTP）尚未完全适应去除此类微污染物。利用具有增强降解能力的细菌菌株的生物修复过程似乎是迄今为止使用的化学方法的一种有前途的替代方法。然而，尽管扑热息痛和布洛芬在环境中广泛存在，但它们的微生物降解的毒性和机制以及这些过程的遗传背景仍未完全阐明。在这篇综述中，我们描述了扑热息痛和布洛芬的毒性和生物降解机制的最新知识，并提供了有关这些外来化合物分解的遗传基础的生物信息学分析。
