Rupprecht C E, Dietzschold B, Cox J H, Schneider L G
Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104.
J Wildl Dis. 1989 Oct;25(4):548-54. doi: 10.7589/0090-3558-25.4.548.
Unlike previous reports to the contrary, raccoons (Procyon lotor) were successfully vaccinated against rabies with a liquid SAD-B19 attenuated virus vaccine administered per os and given in vaccine-laden baits. There was neither evidence of vaccine-induced rabies in raccoons nor in a limited safety trial with opossums (Didelphis virginiana) given SAD-B19. Protection from lethal street rabies virus infection was not absolute: only three of nine raccoons given 1 x 10(6.0) TCID/ml were protected versus five of 10 raccoons given 1 x 10(7.0) TCID/ml of SAD-B19 and challenged 4 mo after consumption of vaccine-laden baits. Six of eight raccoons consuming 1 x 10(8.8) TCID/ml of SAD-B19 vaccine in baits survived street rabies virus challenge 2 mo postvaccination. Raccoon survivorship was not wholly dependent upon rabies virus-neutralizing antibody titer on the day of challenge. Vaccinated raccoons demonstrated a prominent anamnestic response within 1 wk following challenge. Surviving raccoons were observed for a minimum of 3 mo following street rabies virus challenge with neither clinical nor pathologic evidence of rabies. The SAD-B19 rabies vaccine administered within baits in captivity appears less effective for raccoons than for its demonstrated efficacy in the immunization of free-ranging foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in Europe.
与之前相反的报道不同，浣熊（北美浣熊）通过口服含液体SAD - B19减毒病毒疫苗的诱饵成功接种了狂犬病疫苗。在浣熊以及对接受SAD - B19疫苗的负鼠（北美负鼠）进行的有限安全性试验中，均未发现疫苗诱导狂犬病的证据。对致命的野毒株狂犬病病毒感染的保护并非绝对：食用含疫苗诱饵4个月后，每毫升含1×10(6.0) 半数组织培养感染剂量（TCID/ml）的9只浣熊中只有3只得到保护，而每毫升含1×10(7.0) TCID/ml的10只浣熊中有5只得到保护并接受了攻击。8只食用每毫升含1×10(8.8) TCID/ml SAD - B19疫苗诱饵的浣熊中有6只在接种疫苗2个月后存活下来，抵抗了野毒株狂犬病病毒的攻击。浣熊的存活并不完全取决于攻击当天的狂犬病病毒中和抗体滴度。接种疫苗的浣熊在受到攻击后的1周内表现出显著的回忆反应。在用野毒株狂犬病病毒攻击后，对存活的浣熊至少观察了3个月，未发现狂犬病的临床或病理证据。在圈养环境中通过诱饵投喂的SAD - B19狂犬病疫苗对浣熊的效果似乎不如其在欧洲对自由放养狐狸（赤狐）免疫时所显示的效果。
