Rao Vinay Kumar, Pal Ananya, Taneja Reshma
a Department of Physiology , Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore , Singapore.
Epigenetics. 2017 Mar 4;12(3):177-186. doi: 10.1080/15592294.2017.1281502. Epub 2017 Jan 20.
Progression of cells through distinct phases of the cell cycle, and transition into out-of-cycling states, such as terminal differentiation and senescence, is accompanied by specific patterns of gene expression. These cell fate decisions are mediated not only by distinct transcription factors, but also chromatin modifiers that establish heritable epigenetic patterns. Lysine methyltransferases (KMTs) that mediate methylation marks on histone and non-histone proteins are now recognized as important regulators of gene expression in cycling and non-cycling cells. Among these, the SUV39 sub-family of KMTs, which includes SUV39H1, SUV39H2, G9a, GLP, SETDB1, and SETDB2, play a prominent role. In this review, we discuss their biochemical properties, sub-cellular localization and function in cell cycle, differentiation programs, and cellular senescence. We also discuss their aberrant expression in cancers, which exhibit de-regulation of cell cycle and differentiation.
细胞在细胞周期的不同阶段的进展，以及向非循环状态（如终末分化和衰老）的转变，伴随着特定的基因表达模式。这些细胞命运决定不仅由不同的转录因子介导，还由建立可遗传表观遗传模式的染色质修饰因子介导。介导组蛋白和非组蛋白甲基化标记的赖氨酸甲基转移酶（KMT）现在被认为是循环和非循环细胞中基因表达的重要调节因子。其中，KMT的SUV39亚家族，包括SUV39H1、SUV39H2、G9a、GLP、SETDB1和SETDB2，发挥着突出作用。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了它们的生化特性、亚细胞定位以及在细胞周期、分化程序和细胞衰老中的功能。我们还讨论了它们在癌症中的异常表达，癌症表现出细胞周期和分化的失调。
