Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Laboratory of Biological Modeling, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Curr Biol. 2017 Feb 6;27(3):423-430. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2016.12.009. Epub 2017 Jan 19.
Exercise is a common component of weight loss strategies, yet exercise programs are associated with surprisingly small changes in body weight [1-4]. This may be due in part to compensatory adaptations, in which calories expended during exercise are counteracted by decreases in other aspects of energy expenditure [1, 5-10]. Here we examined the relationship between a rodent model of voluntary exercise- wheel running- and total daily energy expenditure. Use of a running wheel for 3 to 7 days increased daily energy expenditure, resulting in a caloric deficit of ∼1 kcal/day; however, total daily energy expenditure remained stable after the first week of wheel access, despite further increases in wheel use. We hypothesized that compensatory mechanisms accounted for the lack of increase in daily energy expenditure after the first week. Supporting this idea, we observed a decrease in off-wheel ambulation when mice were using the wheels, indicating behavioral compensation. Finally, we asked whether individual variation in wheel use within a group of mice would be associated with different levels of daily energy expenditure. Despite a large variation in wheel running, we did not observe a significant relationship between the amount of daily wheel running and total daily energy expenditure or energy intake across mice. Together, our experiments support a model in which the transition from sedentary to light activity is associated with an increase in daily energy expenditure, but further increases in physical activity produce diminishingly small increments in daily energy expenditure.
锻炼是减肥策略的常见组成部分，但锻炼计划与体重的微小变化有关[1-4]。这可能部分归因于补偿性适应，即在锻炼过程中消耗的卡路里被其他方面的能量消耗减少所抵消[1,5-10]。在这里，我们研究了自愿进行的运动-轮式跑步-与总日能量消耗之间的关系。使用跑步轮 3 至 7 天会增加每日能量消耗，导致每天约 1 卡路里的热量不足;然而，尽管轮子的使用进一步增加，但总日能量消耗在第一周的轮子使用后保持稳定。我们假设补偿机制解释了第一周后每日能量消耗没有增加的原因。支持这一观点，我们观察到当老鼠使用轮子时，非轮式活动减少，表明存在行为补偿。最后，我们询问了一组老鼠中个体轮子使用量的差异是否与每日能量消耗的不同水平有关。尽管轮式跑步有很大的差异，但我们没有观察到老鼠之间每日轮式跑步量与总日能量消耗或能量摄入之间存在显著关系。总的来说，我们的实验支持这样一种模式，即从久坐不动到轻度活动的转变与每日能量消耗的增加有关，但进一步增加体力活动只会导致每日能量消耗的微小增加。
