White Tara L
Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, School of Public Health, and Institute for Brain Science, Brown University, Providence, RI. USA.
Curr Opin Behav Sci. 2017 Feb;13:63-70. doi: 10.1016/j.cobeha.2016.10.008.
Psychostimulant addiction is an important, relapsing condition for which there is no effective pharmacological treatment. Countering this problem requires an understanding of the specific risk factors that predispose individuals to initial misuse of these drugs. Healthy individuals display marked individual differences in emotional, behavioral and brain responses to low and moderate doses of stimulant drugs. These between-person differences have been most often studied using personality measures of sensation seeking. However, a growing body of work in healthy adults indicates potentially unique sources of variance in these responses that are related to four dissociable personality domains: extraversion, fearlessness, impulsivity and absorption. These four domains are empirically dissociable and can serve as endophenotypic markers of dopamine, norepinephrine and serotonin function in healthy individuals. The relationship between normal variation in these traits and the pharmacological effects of these drugs is here proposed as a framework for better understanding the specific sources of between-person variation in stimulant drug effects on mood, behavior and brain responses in healthy humans.
精神兴奋剂成瘾是一种严重的复发性疾病，目前尚无有效的药物治疗方法。要解决这个问题，需要了解导致个体最初滥用这些药物的具体风险因素。健康个体在对低剂量和中等剂量的兴奋剂药物产生情绪、行为和大脑反应方面存在显著的个体差异。人们最常使用寻求刺激的人格测量方法来研究这些个体间差异。然而，越来越多针对健康成年人的研究表明，这些反应中存在潜在的独特变异来源，这些变异与四个可分离的人格领域有关：外向性、无畏、冲动性和专注性。这四个领域在经验上是可分离的，并且可以作为健康个体中多巴胺、去甲肾上腺素和血清素功能的内表型标记。本文提出，这些特质的正常变异与这些药物的药理作用之间的关系，可作为一个框架，用于更好地理解健康人群中兴奋剂药物对情绪、行为和大脑反应的个体间变异的具体来源。
