Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Shanghai Institutes of Preventive Medicine, China.
Environ Int. 2017 Apr;101:80-88. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2017.01.008. Epub 2017 Jan 20.
Diet is considered to be a significant exposure pathway for phthalates. In this study, we assessed the associations between food consumption and urinary concentrations of phthalate metabolites among Shanghai adults.
A cross-sectional study involving 2418 participants was conducted in the fall of 2012. Recent food consumption was assessed by a 24-h dietary recall survey, and a Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) characterized long-term dietary patterns. Urinary metabolites of six phthalates were measured.
Both the 24-h recall survey and FFQ identified wheat, dairy, and fruits as being positively associated with the excretion of phthalate metabolites. The 24-h recall data also showed positive associations with processed meats and alcohol. We evaluated the impact of reported consumption of multiple food categories simultaneously (wheat, fruits, meats, etc.) on metabolite excretion and found that, as more food types were consumed, the number of metabolites excreted, as well as their concentrations, increased with high significance (p values<0.0001). We also evaluated the two survey instruments together. When both surveys reported consumption of fruits and dairy, the numbers of metabolites and their concentrations were significantly higher compared to when both surveys reported non-consumption, (p values<0.000001). Rice consumption was found to be negatively associated with phthalate excretion; frequent and high levels of rice consumption were found to be associated with lower excretion of metabolites.
Food consumption was associated with phthalate exposure in Shanghai adults. Both 24-h recall and FFQ identified significant associations between consumption of food types and phthalate exposure.
饮食被认为是邻苯二甲酸酯的重要暴露途径。在这项研究中，我们评估了上海成年人的食物消费与尿液中邻苯二甲酸代谢物浓度之间的关系。
2012 年秋季进行了一项横断面研究，共纳入 2418 名参与者。通过 24 小时膳食回忆调查评估近期食物消费情况，食物频率问卷（FFQ）描述长期饮食模式。测量了 6 种邻苯二甲酸代谢物的尿液。
24 小时膳食回忆调查和 FFQ 均发现，小麦、奶制品和水果与邻苯二甲酸代谢物的排泄呈正相关。24 小时膳食回忆数据还显示与加工肉类和酒精呈正相关。我们评估了同时报告多种食物类别（小麦、水果、肉类等）的消费对代谢物排泄的影响，发现随着消耗的食物种类增加，排泄的代谢物数量及其浓度显著增加（p 值<0.0001）。我们还同时评估了这两种调查工具。当两种调查都报告水果和奶制品的消费时，与两种调查都报告非消费相比，代谢物的数量及其浓度显著更高（p 值<0.000001）。大米消费与邻苯二甲酸排泄呈负相关；频繁和大量食用大米与代谢物排泄减少有关。
食物消费与上海成年人的邻苯二甲酸暴露有关。24 小时膳食回忆和 FFQ 均确定了食物类型的消费与邻苯二甲酸暴露之间的显著关系。
