Topical treatment of mycotic rhinitis-rhinosinusitis in dogs with meticulous debridement and 1% clotrimazole cream: 64 cases (2007-2014).

OBJECTIVE To evaluate outcomes for dogs with mycotic rhinitis-rhinosinusitis (MRR) treated by meticulous debridement and topical application of 1% clotrimazole cream and investigate potential prognostic factors that could help predict whether 1 or multiple treatments would be needed for clinical resolution of the condition. DESIGN Retrospective case series. ANIMALS 64 dogs. PROCEDURES Medical records were reviewed to identify dogs treated for MRR by meticulous debridement and topical application of 1% clotrimazole cream. Signalment, clinical signs, previous treatments, CT findings, presence of unilateral or bilateral disease, predisposing factors, number and type of treatments, and complications were recorded. Outcome information was obtained from records or by telephone interview with owners. Association of selected factors with the number of treatments needed for clinical resolution was evaluated. RESULTS Clotrimazole was instilled via the trephination site (n = 42) or under endoscopic guidance (22). Thirteen dogs underwent a 5-minute flush with 1% clotrimazole solution prior to cream application, and 34 received adjunctive oral itraconazole treatment. The MRR was deemed resolved in 58 dogs, and clinical signs persisted in 1 dog. Five dogs died (2 of causes unrelated to MRR) ≤ 1 month after treatment. The first treatment was successful in 42 of 62 (68%) dogs; overall success rate was 58 of 62 (94%). No prognostic factors for the number of treatments needed to provide clinical resolution were identified. Seven dogs with reinfection were successfully retreated. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Topical treatment by meticulous debridement and 1% clotrimazole cream application had results similar to or better than those described in other studies of dogs with MRR. Trephination or adjunctive itraconazole treatment did not influence the number of treatments needed for a successful outcome.