Lucon-Xiccato Tyrone, Bisazza Angelo
Dipartimento di Psicologia Generale, Università di Padova, Padova, Italy.
Dipartimento di Psicologia Generale, Università di Padova, Padova, Italy.
Behav Processes. 2017 Aug;141(Pt 2):184-195. doi: 10.1016/j.beproc.2017.01.015. Epub 2017 Jan 23.
Individual differences in cognitive abilities have been thoroughly investigated in humans and to a lesser extent in other mammals. Despite the growing interest in studying cognition in other taxonomic groups, data on individual differences are scarce for non-mammalian species. Here, we review the literature on individual differences in cognitive abilities in teleost fishes. Relatively few studies have directly addressed this topic and have provided evidence of consistent and heritable individual variation in cognitive abilities in fish. We found much more evidence of individual cognitive differences in other research areas, namely sex differences, personality differences, cerebral lateralisation and comparison between populations. Altogether, these studies suggest that individual differences in cognition are as common in fish as in warm-blooded vertebrates. Based on the example of research on mammals, we suggest directions for future investigation in fish.
认知能力的个体差异在人类中已得到充分研究，在其他哺乳动物中也有一定程度的研究。尽管对研究其他分类群体的认知越来越感兴趣，但关于非哺乳动物物种个体差异的数据却很稀少。在这里，我们回顾了有关硬骨鱼类认知能力个体差异的文献。相对较少的研究直接涉及这个主题，并且提供了鱼类认知能力存在一致且可遗传的个体差异的证据。我们在其他研究领域发现了更多个体认知差异的证据，即性别差异、个性差异、大脑偏侧化以及种群间比较。总的来说，这些研究表明，认知的个体差异在鱼类中与温血脊椎动物中一样普遍。基于对哺乳动物的研究实例，我们提出了未来鱼类研究的方向。
