Brevers D, He Q, Xue G, Bechara A
Department of Psychology, and Brain and Creativity Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Laboratory of Medical Psychology and Addictology, Faculty of Medicine, Brugmann-campus, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.
Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
Biol Psychol. 2017 Mar;124:30-38. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2017.01.009. Epub 2017 Jan 23.
Individuals have a tendency to be more risky in their choices after having experienced a monetary loss, than after a reward. Here, we examined whether prior outcomes influence differently the patterns of neural activity of individuals who are used to taking monetary risk, namely poker players. High-frequency poker players and non-gamblers were scanned while performing a controlled task that allowed measuring the effect of prior outcomes on subsequent decisions. Both non-gamblers and poker players took more risks after losing a gamble than after winning one. Neuroimaging data revealed that non-gamblers exhibited higher brain activation than poker players when pondering a decision after losing, as compared to after winning. The opposite was found in poker players. This differential pattern of activation was observed in brain regions involved in high-order motor processes (the dorsal premotor cortex). These results suggest that gambling habits introduce significant changes in action preparation during decision-making following wins and losses.
与获得奖励后相比，个体在经历金钱损失后做出的选择往往更具风险。在此，我们研究了先前的结果是否会对习惯承担金钱风险的个体（即扑克玩家）的神经活动模式产生不同影响。高频扑克玩家和非赌博者在执行一项可控任务时接受扫描，该任务能够测量先前结果对后续决策的影响。非赌博者和扑克玩家在赌博输钱后都比赢钱后承担更多风险。神经影像学数据显示，与赢钱后相比，非赌博者在输钱后思考决策时大脑激活程度高于扑克玩家。而在扑克玩家中则发现了相反的情况。这种不同的激活模式在涉及高阶运动过程的脑区（背侧运动前皮层）中被观察到。这些结果表明，赌博习惯在输赢后的决策过程中会给行动准备带来显著变化。
