Hettinger A Zachary, Roth Emilie M, Bisantz Ann M
Department of Emergency Medicine, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, United States; National Center for Human Factors in Healthcare, MedStar Health, Washington, DC, United States.
Roth Cognitive Engineering, Stanford, CA, United States.
J Biomed Inform. 2017 Mar;67:21-33. doi: 10.1016/j.jbi.2017.01.010. Epub 2017 Jan 23.
Cognitive engineering is an applied field with roots in both cognitive science and engineering that has been used to support design of information displays, decision support, human-automation interaction, and training in numerous high risk domains ranging from nuclear power plant control to transportation and defense systems. Cognitive engineering provides a set of structured, analytic methods for data collection and analysis that intersect with and complement methods of Cognitive Informatics. These methods support discovery of aspects of the work that make performance challenging, as well as the knowledge, skills, and strategies that experts use to meet those challenges. Importantly, cognitive engineering methods provide novel representations that highlight the inherent complexities of the work domain and traceable links between the results of cognitive analyses and actionable design requirements. This article provides an overview of relevant cognitive engineering methods, and illustrates how they have been applied to the design of health information technology (HIT) systems. Additionally, although cognitive engineering methods have been applied in the design of user-centered informatics systems, methods drawn from informatics are not typically incorporated into a cognitive engineering analysis. This article presents a discussion regarding ways in which data-rich methods can inform cognitive engineering.
认知工程是一个源于认知科学和工程学的应用领域，已被用于支持信息显示设计、决策支持、人机交互以及众多高风险领域的培训，这些领域涵盖从核电站控制到运输和国防系统等。认知工程提供了一套用于数据收集和分析的结构化分析方法，这些方法与认知信息学的方法相互交叉并互为补充。这些方法有助于发现工作中导致绩效具有挑战性的方面，以及专家用于应对这些挑战的知识、技能和策略。重要的是，认知工程方法提供了新颖的表示形式，突出了工作领域固有的复杂性以及认知分析结果与可操作设计要求之间的可追溯联系。本文概述了相关的认知工程方法，并说明了它们如何应用于健康信息技术（HIT）系统的设计。此外，尽管认知工程方法已应用于以用户为中心的信息学系统设计，但从信息学中提取的方法通常不会纳入认知工程分析。本文讨论了数据丰富的方法如何为认知工程提供信息。
