IEEE Trans Vis Comput Graph. 2017 Apr;23(4):1285-1294. doi: 10.1109/TVCG.2017.2656978. Epub 2017 Jan 25.
We define the concept of Dynamic Passive Haptic Feedback (DPHF) for virtual reality by introducing the weight-shifting physical DPHF proxy object Shifty. This concept combines actuators known from active haptics and physical proxies known from passive haptics to construct proxies that automatically adapt their passive haptic feedback. We describe the concept behind our ungrounded weight-shifting DPHF proxy Shifty and the implementation of our prototype. We then investigate how Shifty can, by automatically changing its internal weight distribution, enhance the user's perception of virtual objects interacted with in two experiments. In a first experiment, we show that Shifty can enhance the perception of virtual objects changing in shape, especially in length and thickness. Here, Shifty was shown to increase the user's fun and perceived realism significantly, compared to an equivalent passive haptic proxy. In a second experiment, Shifty is used to pick up virtual objects of different virtual weights. The results show that Shifty enhances the perception of weight and thus the perceived realism by adapting its kinesthetic feedback to the picked-up virtual object. In the same experiment, we additionally show that specific combinations of haptic, visual and auditory feedback during the pick-up interaction help to compensate for visual-haptic mismatch perceived during the shifting process.
我们通过引入重量转移物理 DPHF 代理 Shifty 为虚拟现实定义了动态被动触觉反馈 (DPHF) 的概念。这个概念结合了主动触觉中的致动器和被动触觉中的物理代理，构建了自动适应其被动触觉反馈的代理。我们描述了我们无基础的重量转移 DPHF 代理 Shifty 的背后概念及其原型的实现。然后，我们通过两个实验研究了 Shifty 如何通过自动改变其内部重量分布来增强用户对交互的虚拟物体的感知。在第一个实验中，我们表明 Shifty 可以增强对形状变化的虚拟物体的感知，特别是在长度和厚度方面。与等效的被动触觉代理相比，Shifty 显著增加了用户的乐趣和感知的真实感。在第二个实验中，Shifty 用于拾取不同虚拟重量的虚拟物体。结果表明，Shifty 通过将其运动觉反馈适应所拾取的虚拟物体来增强对重量的感知，从而增强了感知的真实感。在同一个实验中，我们还表明，在拾取交互过程中触觉、视觉和听觉反馈的特定组合有助于补偿在转移过程中感知到的视觉触觉不匹配。
