Nozari Nazbanou, Freund Michael, Breining Bonnie, Rapp Brenda, Gordon Barry
Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Department of Cognitive Science, Johns Hopkins University.
Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine.
Lang Cogn Neurosci. 2016;31(7):886-903. doi: 10.1080/23273798.2016.1157194. Epub 2016 Apr 14.
Production of an intended word entails selection processes, in which first the lexical item and then its segments are selected among competitors, as well as processes that covertly or overtly repair dispreferred words. In two experiments, we studied the locus of the control processes involved in selection () and intercepting errors (). Selection control was studied by manipulating the overlap (contextual similarity) in either semantics or in segments between two objects that participants repeatedly named. Post-monitoring control was examined by asking participants to reverse, within each block, the name of the two objects that were either semantically- or segmentally-related, thus suppressing a potent, but incorrect, response in favor of an alternative (reversal). Results showed robust costs of both contextual similarity (which increased with the degree of similarity between target and context) and reversal, but the two did not interact with one another. Analysis of individual differences revealed no reliable correlation between the cost of contextual similarity when pairs were semantically- or segmentally-related, suggesting stage-specific selection control processes. On the other hand, the cost of reversal was reliably correlated between semantically- and segmentally-related pairs, implying a different control process that is shared by both stages of production. Collectively, these results support a model in which selection control operates separately at lexical and segmental selection stages, but post-monitoring control operates on the segmentally-encoded outcome.
生成一个预期的单词需要经过选择过程，其中首先要在多个竞争者中选择词汇项，然后选择其各个部分，同时还需要一些过程来暗中或公开修复不受欢迎的单词。在两项实验中，我们研究了选择（）和拦截错误（）过程中控制过程的位置。通过操纵参与者反复命名的两个对象在语义或部分上的重叠（上下文相似性）来研究选择控制。通过要求参与者在每个组块内颠倒语义相关或部分相关的两个对象的名称，从而抑制一个有力但错误的反应，转而支持另一个反应（颠倒），来检验监测后控制。结果显示，上下文相似性（随着目标与上下文之间的相似程度增加）和颠倒都会带来显著的代价，但二者之间没有相互作用。对个体差异的分析表明，当词对在语义或部分上相关时，上下文相似性代价之间没有可靠的相关性，这表明存在阶段特异性的选择控制过程。另一方面，语义相关和部分相关的词对之间，颠倒代价存在可靠的相关性，这意味着生成的两个阶段共享一个不同的控制过程。总体而言，这些结果支持了一个模型，即选择控制在词汇和部分选择阶段分别起作用，但监测后控制作用于部分编码的结果。
