Center for Brain Plasticity and Recovery, Neurology Department, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA.
Center for Brain Plasticity and Recovery, Neurology Department, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA; Rehabilitation Medicine Department, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA.
Neuropsychologia. 2022 Aug 13;173:108302. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2022.108302. Epub 2022 Jun 17.
People use cognitive control across many contexts in daily life, yet it remains unclear how cognitive control is used in contexts involving language. Distinguishing language-specific cognitive control components may be critical to understanding aphasia, which can co-occur with cognitive control deficits. For example, deficits in control of semantic representations (i.e., semantic control), are thought to contribute to semantic deficits in aphasia. Conversely, little is known about control of phonological representations (i.e., phonological control) in aphasia. We developed a switching task to investigate semantic and phonological control in 32 left hemisphere stroke survivors with aphasia and 37 matched controls. We found that phonological and semantic control were related, but dissociate in the presence of switching demands. People with aphasia exhibited group-wise impairment at phonological control, although individual impairments were subtle except in one case. Several individuals with aphasia exhibited frank semantic control impairments, and these individuals had relative deficits on other semantic tasks. The present findings distinguish semantic control from phonological control, and confirm that semantic control impairments contribute to semantic deficits in aphasia.
人们在日常生活中会在许多情境中使用认知控制，但对于语言情境中如何使用认知控制仍不清楚。区分特定于语言的认知控制成分对于理解失语症可能至关重要，因为失语症可能与认知控制缺陷同时发生。例如，控制语义表示（即语义控制）的缺陷被认为导致了失语症中的语义缺陷。相反，对于失语症中的语音表示（即语音控制）的控制知之甚少。我们开发了一种转换任务，以调查 32 名左半球中风后失语症患者和 37 名匹配对照组的语义和语音控制。我们发现，语音控制和语义控制是相关的，但在转换需求存在时会分离。失语症患者表现出语音控制的组间损伤，尽管除了一个病例外，个体损伤很细微。一些失语症患者表现出明显的语义控制损伤，并且这些患者在其他语义任务上存在相对缺陷。目前的发现将语义控制与语音控制区分开来，并证实语义控制损伤导致了失语症中的语义缺陷。
