Irie Koichiro, Yamazaki Toru, Yoshii Saori, Takeyama Hideo, Shimazaki Yoshihiro
Department of Preventive Dentistry and Dental Public Health, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan; Department of Preventive Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan.
Epidemiology Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Mie University Hospital, Tsu, Japan.
J Epidemiol. 2017 Feb;27(2):69-74. doi: 10.1016/j.je.2016.09.002. Epub 2016 Oct 27.
Development of periodontal disease (PD) may be affected by socioeconomic status. This study examined the relationship between occupational status and PD in a 5-year prospective cohort of Japanese workers.
In total, 19,633 participants had initial examinations at the Aichi Health Promotion Foundation, of whom 8210 participants aged 20 years or older did not have PD. Follow-up examinations were conducted for 3757 participants, accounting for 45.8% of baseline participants. Ultimately, 3390 participants were analyzed according to the criterion of job classification at baseline, which was based on the International Standard Classification of Occupations, 1987. Oral examinations were performed using the Community Periodontal Index (CPI). The CPI scores were coded as follows: healthy (score of 0); bleeding after probing (1); dental calculus (2); shallow pockets (3); and deep pockets (4). Participants with one or more sextants with a score >2 were diagnosed with PD. Poisson regression analysis was performed to adjust for age and other potential confounders.
Overall, 31.6% of men and 23.8% of women had developed PD (CPI scores of 3 or 4). The adjusted relative risk (RR) for PD (CPI scores of 3 or 4) in men was not significant. On the other hand, the adjusted RRs for PD (CPI score of 4) in men were 2.52-, 2.39-, and 2.74-fold higher for skilled workers, sales persons, and drivers, respectively, than for professionals. In contrast, we found no gradient in women.
We found a gradient related to the risk of developing PD according to occupational status among men in a Japanese worker population.
牙周病（PD）的发展可能受社会经济地位影响。本研究在一个为期5年的日本工人前瞻性队列中，调查了职业状况与PD之间的关系。
共有19633名参与者在爱知健康促进基金会进行了初次检查，其中8210名20岁及以上的参与者没有患PD。对3757名参与者进行了随访检查，占基线参与者的45.8%。最终，根据1987年《国际职业分类标准》对3390名参与者进行了基线工作分类标准分析。使用社区牙周指数（CPI）进行口腔检查。CPI分数编码如下：健康（分数为0）；探诊后出血（1）；牙石（2）；浅袋（3）；深袋（4）。一个或多个牙段分数>2的参与者被诊断为患有PD。进行泊松回归分析以调整年龄和其他潜在混杂因素。
总体而言，31.6%的男性和23.8%的女性患了PD（CPI分数为3或4）。男性患PD（CPI分数为3或4）的校正相对风险（RR）不显著。另一方面，男性技术工人、销售人员和司机患PD（CPI分数为4）的校正RR分别比专业人员高2.52倍、2.39倍和2.74倍。相比之下，我们在女性中未发现梯度差异。
在日本工人群体中，我们发现男性职业状况与患PD风险之间存在梯度关系。
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