Miao Xiaoyuan, Leng Xiangfeng, Zhang Qiu
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China.
Department of Plastic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China.
Int J Mol Sci. 2017 Feb 6;18(2):336. doi: 10.3390/ijms18020336.
Macrophages are vital regulators of the host defense in organisms. In response to different local microenvironments, resting macrophages (M0) can be polarized into different phenotypes, pro-inflammatory (M1) or anti-inflammatory (M2), and perform different roles in different physiological or pathological conditions. Polarized macrophages can also be further reprogrammed by reversing their phenotype according to the changed milieu. Macrophage polarization and reprogramming play essential roles in maintaining the steady state of the immune system and are involved in the processes of many diseases. As foreign substances, nanoparticles (NPs) mainly target macrophages after entering the body. NPs can perturb the polarization and reprogramming of macrophages, affect their immunological function and, therefore, affect the pathological process of disease. Optimally-designed NPs for the modulation of macrophage polarization and reprogramming might provide new solutions for treating diseases. Systematically investigating how NPs affect macrophage polarization is crucial for understanding the regulatory effects of NPs on immune cells in vivo. In this review, macrophage polarization by NPs is summarized and discussed.
巨噬细胞是生物体宿主防御的重要调节因子。静息巨噬细胞（M0）可根据不同的局部微环境极化为不同表型，即促炎性（M1）或抗炎性（M2），并在不同的生理或病理条件下发挥不同作用。极化的巨噬细胞也可根据变化的环境通过逆转其表型进行进一步重编程。巨噬细胞极化和重编程在维持免疫系统稳态中起重要作用，并参与多种疾病的发生过程。纳米颗粒（NPs）作为外来物质进入体内后主要靶向巨噬细胞。NPs可干扰巨噬细胞的极化和重编程，影响其免疫功能，进而影响疾病的病理过程。优化设计用于调节巨噬细胞极化和重编程的NPs可能为疾病治疗提供新的解决方案。系统研究NPs如何影响巨噬细胞极化对于理解NPs在体内对免疫细胞调节作用至关重要。本文综述并讨论了NPs介导的巨噬细胞极化。
