Toghill Bradley J, Saratzis Athanasios, Bown Matthew J
Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and the NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK..
Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and the NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.
Cardiovasc Pathol. 2017 Mar-Apr;27:71-75. doi: 10.1016/j.carpath.2017.01.008. Epub 2017 Jan 29.
Atherosclerosis and abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) are multifactorial and polygenic diseases with known environmental and genetic risk factors that contribute toward disease development. Atherosclerosis represents an important independent risk factor for AAA, as people with AAA often have atherosclerosis. Studies have shown that comorbidity is usually between ~25% and 55%, but it is still not fully known whether this association is causal or a result of common shared risk profiles. Most recent epidemiological, clinical, and biological evidence suggests that the two pathologies are more distinct than traditionally thought. For instance diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia, and obesity are high risk for atherosclerosis development but are not as pronounced in AAA, whereas smoking, gender, and ethnicity are particularly high risk for AAA but less so for atherosclerosis. In addition, genetic and epigenetic studies have identified independent risk loci involved in AAA susceptibility that are not associated with other cardiovascular diseases, and research on important common cardiovascular biomarkers has illustrated discrepancies in those with AAA.
动脉粥样硬化和腹主动脉瘤（AAA）是具有已知环境和遗传风险因素的多因素和多基因疾病，这些因素促成疾病发展。动脉粥样硬化是AAA的一个重要独立危险因素，因为患有AAA的人通常患有动脉粥样硬化。研究表明，合并症通常在25%至55%之间，但这种关联是因果关系还是共同风险特征的结果仍不完全清楚。最新的流行病学、临床和生物学证据表明，这两种病理状况比传统认为的更为不同。例如，糖尿病、高胆固醇血症和肥胖是动脉粥样硬化发展的高风险因素，但在AAA中并不那么明显，而吸烟、性别和种族是AAA的特别高风险因素，但对动脉粥样硬化的影响较小。此外，遗传和表观遗传学研究已经确定了与AAA易感性相关的独立风险位点，这些位点与其他心血管疾病无关，对重要的常见心血管生物标志物的研究也揭示了AAA患者的差异。
