Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, 1905 Colorado Ave., Boulder, CO 80309, United States; Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, 1905 Colorado Ave., Boulder, CO 80309, United States.
Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, 125 Baldwin Street, Athens, GA 30602, United States.
Schizophr Res. 2017 Nov;189:43-49. doi: 10.1016/j.schres.2017.01.055. Epub 2017 Feb 8.
In the psychosis prodrome, sub-threshold positive symptoms are often preceded by negative symptoms. Individuals exhibiting these attenuated symptoms are primarily adolescents and young adults at clinical high-risk (CHR) for developing a psychotic disorder. In the CHR state, negative symptoms are highly predictive of the transition to diagnosable illness, making the assessment of these symptoms very important. Existing scales used to evaluate negative symptoms in this critical population are informative but have conceptual and psychometric limitations and/or were not designed according to modern conceptions delineated in the 2005 NIMH Negative Symptom Consensus Conference. The current study reports the development of the Prodromal Interview of Negative Symptoms (PINS) - a next-generation scale designed in accordance with the consensus conference recommendations. Preliminary data on the psychometric properties of the PINS is reported as part of ongoing scale development that will use a data-driven, iterative process to generate a final scale. Analysis of data from 53 CHR cases, 30 of whom were re-evaluated at 12months, indicated that the beta version of the PINS demonstrated good internal consistency, inter-rater reliability, convergent validity, and discriminant validity. These preliminary findings provide direction for a revision of this measure, which resulted in the PINS-2, a promising new measure for the assessment of negative symptoms in CHR populations. This manuscript presents both the initial scale and resulting untested instrument, as well as a series of plans and recommendations for future development.
在精神病前驱期，阈下阳性症状通常先于阴性症状出现。表现出这些减弱症状的个体主要是处于临床高风险（CHR）状态的青少年和年轻成年人，有发展成精神病的风险。在 CHR 状态下，阴性症状是向可诊断疾病转变的高度预测指标，因此评估这些症状非常重要。现有的用于评估这一关键人群中阴性症状的量表具有信息性，但存在概念和心理计量学上的限制，或者不是根据 2005 年 NIMH 阴性症状共识会议中阐述的现代概念设计的。本研究报告了前驱期阴性症状访谈（PINS）的开发——这是一种根据共识会议建议设计的下一代量表。作为正在进行的量表开发的一部分，初步报告了 PINS 的心理计量学特性数据，该开发将使用数据驱动的迭代过程来生成最终量表。对 53 例 CHR 病例的数据进行分析，其中 30 例在 12 个月时进行了重新评估，结果表明 PINS 的 beta 版本表现出良好的内部一致性、评分者间可靠性、聚合效度和判别效度。这些初步结果为该测量的修订提供了方向，修订后的 PINS-2 是评估 CHR 人群阴性症状的一种很有前途的新工具。本文介绍了初始量表和未经过测试的工具，以及未来发展的一系列计划和建议。
