Jelvegård Sara, Timpka Toomas, Bargoria Victor, Gauffin Håkan, Jacobsson Jenny
Athletics Research Center, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
Athletics Research Center, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.; Swedish Athletics Association, Stockholm, Sweden.
Orthop J Sports Med. 2016 Dec 13;4(12):2325967116673972. doi: 10.1177/2325967116673972. eCollection 2016 Dec.
Approximately 2 of every 3 competitive runners sustain at least 1 health problem each season. Most of these problems are nontraumatic injuries with gradual onset. The main known risk indicator for sustaining a new running-related injury episode is a history of a previous injury, suggesting that behavioral habits are part of the causal mechanisms.
Identification of elements associated with purposeful interpretations of body perceptions and balanced behavioral responses may supply vital information for prevention of health problems in runners. This study set out to explore competitive runners' cognitive appraisals of perceived symptoms on injury and illness and how these appraisals are transformed into behavior.
Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3.
The study population consisted of Swedish middle- and long-distance runners from the national top 15 list. Qualitative research methods were used to categorize interview data and perform a thematic analysis. The categories resulting from the analysis were used to construct an explanatory model.
Saturation of the thematic classification required that data from 8 male and 6 female runners (age range, 20-36 years) were collected. Symptoms interpreted to be caused by illness or injury with a sudden onset were found to lead to immediate action and changes to training and competition programs (activity pacing). In contrast, perceptions interpreted to be due to injuries with gradual onset led to varied behavioral reactions. These behavioral responses were planned with regard to short-term consequences and were characterized by indifference and neglect of long-term implications, consistent with an overactivity behavioral pattern. The latter pattern was consistent with a psychological adaptation to stimuli that is presented progressively to the athlete.
Competitive runners appraise whether a health problem requires immediate withdrawal from training based on whether the problem is interpreted as an illness and/or has a sudden onset. The ensuing behaviors follow 2 distinct patterns that can be termed "activity pacing" and "overactivity."
每3名竞技跑步者中约有2人每个赛季至少出现1次健康问题。这些问题大多是逐渐出现的非创伤性损伤。已知导致新的跑步相关损伤发作的主要风险指标是既往损伤史，这表明行为习惯是因果机制的一部分。
识别与对身体感知的有目的解释和平衡行为反应相关的因素，可能为预防跑步者的健康问题提供重要信息。本研究旨在探讨竞技跑步者对伤病感知症状的认知评估，以及这些评估如何转化为行为。
横断面研究；证据等级，3级。
研究人群包括瑞典国家排名前15的中长跑运动员。采用定性研究方法对访谈数据进行分类并进行主题分析。分析得出的类别用于构建一个解释模型。
主题分类的饱和度要求收集8名男性和6名女性跑步者（年龄范围20 - 36岁）的数据。发现被解释为由疾病或突然发作的损伤引起的症状会导致立即采取行动，并改变训练和比赛计划（活动节奏）。相比之下，被解释为逐渐发作的损伤的感知会导致不同的行为反应。这些行为反应是根据短期后果计划的，其特点是对长期影响漠不关心和忽视，这与过度活动的行为模式一致。后一种模式与运动员逐渐面对的刺激的心理适应一致。
竞技跑步者根据健康问题是否被解释为疾病和/或是否突然发作，来评估是否需要立即停止训练。随后的行为遵循两种不同的模式，可称为“活动节奏调整”和“过度活动”。
