Lingiardi Vittorio, Giovanardi Guido, Fortunato Alexandro, Nassisi Valentina, Speranza Anna Maria
Department of Dynamic and Clinic Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Via dei Marsi 86, 00185, Rome, Italy.
Arch Sex Behav. 2017 Jul;46(5):1313-1323. doi: 10.1007/s10508-017-0946-0. Epub 2017 Feb 16.
The main aim of this study was to investigate the associations between personality features and attachment patterns in transsexual adults. We explored mental representations of attachment, assessed personality traits, and possible personality disorders. Forty-four individuals diagnosed with gender identity disorder (now gender dysphoria), 28 male-to-female and 16 female-to-male, were evaluated using the Shedler-Westen assessment procedure-200 (SWAP-200) to assess personality traits and disorders; the adult attachment interview was used to evaluate their attachment state-of-mind. With respect to attachment, our sample differed both from normative samples because of the high percentage of disorganized states of mind (50% of the sample), and from clinical samples for the conspicuous percentage of secure states of mind (37%). Furthermore, we found that only 16% of our sample presented a personality disorder, while 50% showed a high level of functioning according to the SWAP-200 scales. In order to find latent subgroups that shared personality characteristics, we performed a Q-factor analysis. Three personality clusters then emerged: Healthy Functioning (54% of the sample); Depressive/Introverted (32%) and Histrionic/Extroverted (14%). These data indicate that in terms of personality and attachment, GD individuals are a heterogeneous sample and show articulate and diverse types with regard to these constructs.
本研究的主要目的是调查变性成年人的人格特征与依恋模式之间的关联。我们探究了依恋的心理表征，评估了人格特质以及可能存在的人格障碍。使用谢德勒-韦斯顿评估程序-200（SWAP-200）对44名被诊断患有性别认同障碍（现称性别焦虑症）的个体进行评估，其中28名男变女和16名女变男，以评估人格特质和障碍；使用成人依恋访谈来评估他们的依恋心理状态。在依恋方面，我们的样本既因混乱心理状态的比例较高（占样本的50%）而不同于正常样本，又因安全心理状态的比例显著（37%）而不同于临床样本。此外，我们发现我们的样本中只有16%存在人格障碍，而根据SWAP-200量表，50%表现出较高的功能水平。为了找到具有共同人格特征的潜在亚组，我们进行了Q因素分析。随后出现了三个人格集群：健康功能型（占样本的54%）；抑郁/内向型（32%）和表演型/外向型（14%）。这些数据表明，在人格和依恋方面，性别焦虑症个体是一个异质样本，在这些结构方面表现出清晰且多样的类型。
