Lou-Bonafonte José M, Gabás-Rivera Clara, Navarro María A, Osada Jesús
Departamento de Farmacología y Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud y del Deporte, Huesca E-22002, Spain.
Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza E-50009, Spain.
Int J Mol Sci. 2017 Feb 15;18(2):416. doi: 10.3390/ijms18020416.
Low levels of paraoxonase 1 (PON1) have been associated with the development of several pathological conditions, whereas high levels have been shown to be anti-atherosclerotic in mouse models. These findings suggest that PON1 could be a good surrogate biomarker. The other members of the family, namely PON2 and PON3, the role of which has been much less studied, deserve more attention. This paper provides a systematic review of current evidence concerning dietary supplements in that regard. Preliminary studies indicate that the response to dietary supplements may have a nutrigenetic aspect that will need to be considered in large population studies or in clinical trials. A wide range of plant preparations have been found to have a positive action, with pomegranate and some of its components being the best characterized and one of the most active. Flavonoids are found in the composition of all active extracts, with catechins and genistein being the most promising agents for increasing PON1 activity. However, some caveats regarding the dose, length of treatment, bioavailability, and stability of these compounds in formulations still need to be addressed. Once these issues have been resolved, these compounds could be included as nutraceuticals and functional foods capable of increasing PON1 activity, thereby helping with the long-term prevention of atherosclerosis and other chronic ailments.
对氧磷酶1（PON1）水平较低与多种病理状况的发生有关，而在小鼠模型中，高水平的对氧磷酶1已被证明具有抗动脉粥样硬化作用。这些发现表明，PON1可能是一个很好的替代生物标志物。该家族的其他成员，即PON2和PON3，其作用的研究较少，值得更多关注。本文对这方面有关膳食补充剂的现有证据进行了系统综述。初步研究表明，对膳食补充剂的反应可能具有营养遗传学方面的因素，这在大规模人群研究或临床试验中需要加以考虑。已发现多种植物制剂具有积极作用，其中石榴及其某些成分的特征最为明确，且是最具活性的成分之一。在所有活性提取物的成分中都发现了类黄酮，儿茶素和染料木黄酮是增加PON1活性最有前景的成分。然而，这些化合物在制剂中的剂量、治疗时长、生物利用度和稳定性等方面仍存在一些需要解决的问题。一旦这些问题得到解决，这些化合物可作为营养保健品和功能性食品纳入其中，以提高PON1活性，从而有助于长期预防动脉粥样硬化和其他慢性疾病。
