Mazińska Beata, Strużycka Izabela, Hryniewicz Waleria
Department of Epidemiology and Clinical Microbiology, National Medicines Institute, Warsaw, Poland.
Department of Dental Comprehensive Care, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
PLoS One. 2017 Feb 17;12(2):e0172146. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172146. eCollection 2017.
Antimicrobial resistance is a global public health problem. Monitoring the level of knowledge regarding antibiotics is a part of the European Union Community strategy against antimicrobial resistance.
To assess knowledge by the general public in Poland regarding antibiotics, AMR, and the impact of the European Antibiotic Awareness Day campaigns.
The repeated cross-sectional study was developed and carried out among the general public in Poland (in 5 waves between 2009 and 2011, embracing a total of 5004 respondents). The survey was based on a self-designed questionnaire, and carried out by Millward Brown SMG/KRC, using Computer Assisted Telephone Interviews (CATI).
A high percentage of Polish adults had used antibiotics within the 12 months preceding their participation in the study (38%). Statistically relevant differences were observed regarding the respondents' gender, age, education and employment status. The majority of the antibiotics used were prescribed by physicians (90%). In all five waves, 3% of the respondents purchased an antibiotic without a prescription. Prescriptions were mostly obtained from a general practitioner. The prevailing reasons for taking antibiotics were the common cold, sore throat, cough and flu. Approximately 40% of the respondents expected a prescription for an antibiotic against the flu. The vast majority knew that antibiotics kill bacteria (80%) but at the same time 60% of respondents believed antibiotics kill viruses. Physicians, pharmacists, hospital staff and nurses were mentioned as the most trustworthy sources of information. A third of the respondents declared to have come across information on the prudent use of antibiotics in the preceding 12 months. In the fifth wave, nearly half of the participants (48%), who had come across information about antibiotics in the preceding 12 months declared that the information resulted in a change in their attitude towards antibiotic use.
The survey generated information about the knowledge, attitude, and behavior regarding antibiotics among the general population of Poland. Inappropriate antibiotic use is still highly prevalent in Poland, although a positive trend in behavioral change was observed after the educational campaigns. Additional didactic and systematic education campaigns regarding appropriate antibiotic use are needed and the use of the Internet as an education tool should be enhanced.
抗菌药物耐药性是一个全球性的公共卫生问题。监测抗生素相关知识水平是欧盟抗击抗菌药物耐药性共同体战略的一部分。
评估波兰公众对抗生素、抗菌药物耐药性以及欧洲抗生素意识日活动影响的了解情况。
开展并实施了一项针对波兰公众的重复横断面研究（在2009年至2011年期间分5波进行，共涉及5004名受访者）。该调查基于自行设计的问卷，由明略行市场研究公司（Millward Brown SMG/KRC）采用计算机辅助电话访谈（CATI）进行。
在参与研究前的12个月内，很大比例的波兰成年人使用过抗生素（38%）。在受访者的性别、年龄、教育程度和就业状况方面观察到了具有统计学意义的差异。所使用的抗生素大多是由医生开具的（90%）。在所有5波调查中，3%的受访者购买过非处方抗生素。处方大多是从全科医生处获得的。服用抗生素的主要原因是普通感冒、喉咙痛、咳嗽和流感。约40%的受访者期望开具抗流感抗生素处方。绝大多数人知道抗生素能杀死细菌（80%），但同时60%的受访者认为抗生素能杀死病毒。医生、药剂师、医院工作人员和护士被提及为最值得信赖的信息来源。三分之一的受访者宣称在之前的12个月里接触过关于谨慎使用抗生素的信息。在第5波调查中，近一半（48%）在之前12个月里接触过抗生素信息的参与者表示，这些信息使他们对抗生素使用的态度发生了改变。
该调查得出了波兰普通民众对抗生素的知识、态度和行为的相关信息。在波兰，不适当使用抗生素的情况仍然非常普遍，尽管在开展教育活动后观察到了行为改变的积极趋势。需要开展更多关于合理使用抗生素的教学和系统性教育活动，并应加强将互联网作为教育工具的应用。
