University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, Center of Anatomy, Institute II, Medical and Molecular Parasitology, Joseph-Stelzmann-Strasse 35, D-50937 Cologne, Germany.
Water Res. 2011 Dec 15;45(20):6603-14. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2011.10.013. Epub 2011 Oct 20.
The present update gives a comprehensive review of worldwide waterborne parasitic protozoan outbreaks that occurred and were published globally between January 2004 and December 2010. At least one hundred and ninety-nine outbreaks of human diseases due to the waterborne transmission of parasitic protozoa occurred and were reported during the time period from 2004 to 2010. 46.7% of the documented outbreaks occurred on the Australian continent, 30.6% in North America and 16.5% in Europe. Cryptosporidium spp. was the etiological agent in 60.3% (120) of the outbreaks, Giardia lamblia in 35.2% (70) and other protozoa in 4.5% (9). Four outbreaks (2%) were caused by Toxoplasma gondii, three (1.5%) by Cyclospora cayetanensis. In two outbreaks (1%) Acanthamoeba spp. was identified as the causative agent. In one outbreak, G. lamblia (in 17.6% of stool samples) and Cryptosporidium parvum (in 2.7% of stool samples) as well as Entamoeba histolytica (in 9.4% of stool samples) and Blastocystis hominis (in 8.1% of stool samples) were detected. In those countries that are likely affected most a lack of surveillance systems is noticeable. However, countries that established surveillance systems did not establish an international standardization of reporting systems.
本更新提供了一个全面的审查全球水传播寄生虫原生动物暴发发生，并在全球范围内发表于 2004 年 1 月至 2010 年 12 月。至少有 199 次人类疾病暴发由于寄生虫原生动物的水传播发生，并在 2004 年至 2010 年期间报告。有 46.7%的记录暴发发生在澳大利亚大陆，30.6%在北美和 16.5%在欧洲。隐孢子虫属。是 60.3%（120）暴发的病原体，贾第虫属在 35.2%（70）和其他原生动物在 4.5%（9）。4 次暴发（2%）是由刚地弓形虫引起的，3 次（1.5%）是由环孢子虫引起的。在两次暴发（1%）中，鉴定出棘阿米巴属为病原体。在一次暴发中，发现贾第虫属（粪便样本中 17.6%）和隐孢子虫属（粪便样本中 2.7%）以及溶组织内阿米巴（粪便样本中 9.4%）和人芽囊原虫（粪便样本中 8.1%）。在那些可能受影响最大的国家，缺乏监测系统是显而易见的。然而，建立了监测系统的国家并没有建立国际报告系统的标准化。
