Gebremariam Mekdes K, Henjum Sigrun, Hurum Elisabeth, Utne Jorunn, Terragni Laura, Torheim Liv Elin
Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences, P.O. Box 4, Olavs Plass Street, Oslo, 0130, Norway.
BMC Pediatr. 2017 Feb 23;17(1):61. doi: 10.1186/s12887-017-0811-2.
Regular breakfast consumption has several health benefits. However, breakfast skipping is common among adolescents, in particular among those with a low socioeconomic background. The aims of the study were to explore individual and home environmental correlates of breakfast consumption, and to assess their potential mediating role in the association between parental education and breakfast consumption.
A cross-sectional study including 706 adolescents with a mean age of 13.6 (SD = 0.3) was conducted between October and December 2016. Data were collected at school through an online questionnaire. Regression analyses were used to explore whether parental modelling, parental co-participation in breakfast consumption, parental rules, the availability of breakfast foods at home and screen time were associated with breakfast consumption. Mediation analyses were conducted to assess whether these factors mediated the association between parental education and breakfast consumption.
Breakfast consumption was significantly positively associated with parental education (OR = 1.97 (95% CI 1.43-2.72)). A higher parental modelling (OR = 2.17 (95% CI 1.70-2.79)), a higher parental co-participation in breakfast consumption (OR = 1.37 (95% CI 1.26, 1.49)), higher parental rules (OR = 1.36 (95% CI 1.21, 1.53)) and a higher availability of breakfast foods at home (OR = 2.21 (95% CI 1.65, 2.97)) were associated with higher odds of being a daily breakfast consumer. Higher levels of screen time (hrs/day) were associated with lower odds of being a daily breakfast consumer (OR = 0.85 (95% CI 0.79, 0.91). Parental modelling (B = 0.254 (95% CI 0.149, 0.358)) and the availability of breakfast foods at home (B = 0.124 (95% CI 0.033, 0.214)) were significantly positively related to parental education, whereas screen time (hrs/day) (B = -1.134 (95% CI -1.511, -0.758)) was significantly inversely related to parental education. Parental modelling, the availability of breakfast foods at home and screen time were found to mediate parental educational differences in breakfast consumption.
Increasing the availability of breakfast food, improving parental modelling of breakfast consumption and targeting screen time might be promising strategies to reduce parental educational differences in breakfast consumption.
经常吃早餐对健康有诸多益处。然而，不吃早餐在青少年中很常见，尤其是那些社会经济背景较低的青少年。本研究的目的是探讨与早餐消费相关的个体和家庭环境因素，并评估它们在父母教育程度与早餐消费之间的关联中可能起到的中介作用。
2016年10月至12月进行了一项横断面研究，纳入了706名平均年龄为13.6岁（标准差=0.3）的青少年。通过在线问卷在学校收集数据。采用回归分析来探讨父母的示范作用、父母共同参与早餐消费、父母制定的规则、家中早餐食物的可获得性以及屏幕使用时间是否与早餐消费有关。进行中介分析以评估这些因素是否介导了父母教育程度与早餐消费之间的关联。
早餐消费与父母教育程度显著正相关（比值比=1.97（95%置信区间1.43-2.72））。父母更高的示范作用（比值比=2.17（95%置信区间1.70-2.79））、父母更高的共同参与早餐消费（比值比=1.37（95%置信区间1.26, 1.49））、父母更高的规则（比值比=1.36（95%置信区间1.21, 1.53））以及家中早餐食物更高的可获得性（比值比=2.21（95%置信区间1.65, 2.97））与每天吃早餐的几率更高相关。屏幕使用时间（小时/天）水平越高，每天吃早餐的几率越低（比值比=0.85（95%置信区间0.79, 0.91））。父母的示范作用（B=0.254（95%置信区间0.149, 0.358））和家中早餐食物的可获得性（B=0.124（95%置信区间0.033, 0.214））与父母教育程度显著正相关，而屏幕使用时间（小时/天）（B=-1.134（95%置信区间-1.511, -0.758））与父母教育程度显著负相关。发现父母的示范作用、家中早餐食物的可获得性和屏幕使用时间介导了早餐消费方面的父母教育差异。
增加早餐食物的可获得性、改善父母对早餐消费的示范作用以及针对屏幕使用时间可能是减少早餐消费方面父母教育差异的有前景的策略。
