Laboratory of Medical Neuroscience, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebachi, Japan.
PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Japan.
Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2017 Jun;71(6):363-372. doi: 10.1111/pcn.12516. Epub 2017 Mar 30.
Recently, optogenetic techniques have emerged as a method to optically manipulate molecular and cellular events in target cells both in vitro and in vivo. Optogenetics results from the fruitful combination of optics and genetic engineering, maximizing the advantages of each discipline. These advantages are optical control through the manipulation of wavelength and light intensity on the millisecond timescale, and specific gene expression and gene product trafficking with subcellular precision. This kind of fine-tuning cannot be achieved using traditional methods. Therefore, optogenetic techniques have brought a revolution to neuroscience. In this review, we provide a concise summary of the history and recent advances of optogenetics, focusing in particular on applications for psychiatric research.
最近，光遗传学技术作为一种方法出现，可在体外和体内对靶细胞中的分子和细胞事件进行光学操纵。光遗传学是光学和基因工程的硕果累累的结合，最大限度地发挥了每个学科的优势。这些优势包括通过毫秒级的波长和光强操纵进行光学控制，以及具有亚细胞精度的特定基因表达和基因产物运输。这种微调是传统方法无法实现的。因此，光遗传学技术给神经科学带来了一场革命。在这篇综述中，我们简要总结了光遗传学的历史和最新进展，特别关注其在精神疾病研究中的应用。
