Thut Gregor, Bergmann Til Ole, Fröhlich Flavio, Soekadar Surjo R, Brittain John-Stuart, Valero-Cabré Antoni, Sack Alexander T, Miniussi Carlo, Antal Andrea, Siebner Hartwig Roman, Ziemann Ulf, Herrmann Christoph S
Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
Department of Neurology & Stroke, and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Institute for Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
Clin Neurophysiol. 2017 May;128(5):843-857. doi: 10.1016/j.clinph.2017.01.003. Epub 2017 Jan 29.
Non-invasive transcranial brain stimulation (NTBS) techniques have a wide range of applications but also suffer from a number of limitations mainly related to poor specificity of intervention and variable effect size. These limitations motivated recent efforts to focus on the temporal dimension of NTBS with respect to the ongoing brain activity. Temporal patterns of ongoing neuronal activity, in particular brain oscillations and their fluctuations, can be traced with electro- or magnetoencephalography (EEG/MEG), to guide the timing as well as the stimulation settings of NTBS. These novel, online and offline EEG/MEG-guided NTBS-approaches are tailored to specifically interact with the underlying brain activity. Online EEG/MEG has been used to guide the timing of NTBS (i.e., when to stimulate): by taking into account instantaneous phase or power of oscillatory brain activity, NTBS can be aligned to fluctuations in excitability states. Moreover, offline EEG/MEG recordings prior to interventions can inform researchers and clinicians how to stimulate: by frequency-tuning NTBS to the oscillation of interest, intrinsic brain oscillations can be up- or down-regulated. In this paper, we provide an overview of existing approaches and ideas of EEG/MEG-guided interventions, and their promises and caveats. We point out potential future lines of research to address challenges.
非侵入性经颅脑刺激（NTBS）技术有广泛的应用，但也存在一些局限性，主要与干预特异性差和效应大小可变有关。这些局限性促使人们最近努力关注NTBS相对于持续脑活动的时间维度。持续神经元活动的时间模式，特别是脑振荡及其波动，可以通过脑电图或脑磁图（EEG/MEG）进行追踪，以指导NTBS的时间安排和刺激设置。这些新颖的、在线和离线的EEG/MEG引导的NTBS方法旨在专门与潜在的脑活动相互作用。在线EEG/MEG已被用于指导NTBS的时间安排（即何时刺激）：通过考虑振荡性脑活动的瞬时相位或功率，NTBS可以与兴奋性状态的波动同步。此外，干预前的离线EEG/MEG记录可以告知研究人员和临床医生如何进行刺激：通过将NTBS频率调整到感兴趣的振荡，内在脑振荡可以被上调或下调。在本文中，我们概述了EEG/MEG引导干预的现有方法和思路，以及它们的前景和注意事项。我们指出了应对挑战的潜在未来研究方向。
