Samborska Magdalena, Derwich Katarzyna, Skalska-Sadowska Jolanta, Kurzawa Paweł, Wachowiak Jacek
Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Transplantology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.
Division of Pathomorphology, Karol Jonscher University Hospital, Poznan, Poland.
Contemp Oncol (Pozn). 2016;20(6):444-448. doi: 10.5114/wo.2016.65602. Epub 2017 Jan 12.
Myeloid sarcoma (MS) is a malignant extramedullary tumour, which consists of immature cells of myeloid origin. It may occur , concurrently or precede the diagnosis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) or chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). MS can also be a manifestation of the relapse of the disease. The more frequent sites of involvement are the skin, orbit, bone, periosteum, lymph nodes, gastrointestinal tract, soft tissue, central nervous system and testis. Because of its different localization and symptoms, and the lack of diagnostics algorithm, myeloid sarcoma is a real diagnostic challenge, in particular in patients without initial bone marrow involvement. The correct diagnosis of MS is important for adequate therapy, which is often delayed because of a high misdiagnosis rate. In the paper, the role of immunohistochemistry, cytogenetic and molecular genetic analyses is emphasized as well as the breadth of unclear aspects of this disorder in children.
髓系肉瘤（MS）是一种恶性髓外肿瘤，由髓系来源的未成熟细胞组成。它可能在急性髓系白血病（AML）、骨髓增生异常综合征（MDS）或慢性髓系白血病（CML）诊断的同时出现或先于其诊断出现。MS也可能是疾病复发的一种表现。较常受累的部位是皮肤、眼眶、骨骼、骨膜、淋巴结、胃肠道、软组织、中枢神经系统和睾丸。由于其定位和症状各异，且缺乏诊断算法，髓系肉瘤是一个真正的诊断挑战，尤其是在无初始骨髓受累的患者中。MS的正确诊断对于适当治疗很重要，由于误诊率高，治疗往往会延迟。本文强调了免疫组织化学、细胞遗传学和分子遗传学分析的作用，以及儿童这种疾病尚不清楚的方面的广度。
