Vilà Irene, Carrero Isabel, Redondo Raquel
Comillas Pontifical University-ICADE, Madrid, Spain.
Br J Health Psychol. 2017 May;22(2):281-294. doi: 10.1111/bjhp.12230. Epub 2017 Feb 28.
To study the efficacy of forming implementation intentions for fat intake reduction as well as possible moderating variables.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of 12 empirical studies (N = 3,323) published in English and Spanish in the Web of Science (Core Collection) and MEDLINE (1990-January 2016) databases.
This study found that the efficacy of planning interventions on fat consumption reduction was higher than expected, as a moderate overall effect of implementation intentions was observed (d = 0.488). Moreover, planning for a fat intake reduction seems to be more powerful for men than for women (β = -.623; p = .025) and in cases where there is no monitoring during the intervention (d = 0.671 vs. d = 0.231).
Previous research was sceptical of the efficacy of planning in the case of avoiding goals in healthy eating. However, our results show that planning is an efficient intervention that can be used by health education programmes to reduce fat intake and, therefore, increase citizen well-being. These results also support the existence of a key variable in the implementation intentions process, that is, goal complexity, and the presence of two moderating variables, that is, gender and monitoring. Statement of contribution What is already known on this subject? Implementation intentions are action plans subordinate to goal intentions that specify the 'when, where, and how' of responses leading to goal attainment. In healthy eating, the average effect of forming implementation intentions is small to medium, but this efficacy changes depending on the type of intended behaviour. Past evidence shows that the effect size seems to be lower when the intervention aims at reducing unhealthy behaviours versus promoting healthy behaviours. What does this study add? Forming implementation intentions is an efficient intervention to reduce fat intake with a medium overall effect. The efficacy of this intervention is increased when men are targeted and when there is no monitoring during the process. This study introduces a new line of research focused on the study of the effect of planning on complex goals.
研究形成实施意图对减少脂肪摄入量的效果以及可能的调节变量。
对发表于《科学引文索引》（核心合集）和《医学索引》（1990年 - 2016年1月）数据库中以英文和西班牙文发表的12项实证研究（N = 3323）进行系统综述和荟萃分析。
本研究发现，规划干预对减少脂肪消耗的效果高于预期，因为观察到实施意图具有中等程度的总体效应（d = 0.488）。此外，减少脂肪摄入的规划对男性似乎比对女性更有效（β = -0.623；p = 0.025），并且在干预过程中没有监测的情况下效果更明显（d = 0.671对比d = 0.231）。
先前的研究对在健康饮食中设定目标时规划的效果持怀疑态度。然而，我们的结果表明，规划是一种有效的干预措施，健康教育项目可以利用它来减少脂肪摄入，从而提高公民的幸福感。这些结果还支持在实施意图过程中存在一个关键变量，即目标复杂性，以及两个调节变量，即性别和监测。贡献声明关于这个主题已知的内容是什么？实施意图是从属于目标意图的行动计划，它规定了导致目标实现的反应的“何时、何地以及如何”。在健康饮食中，形成实施意图的平均效果为小到中等，但这种效果会根据预期行为的类型而变化。过去的证据表明，当干预旨在减少不健康行为而不是促进健康行为时，效应大小似乎较低。本研究增加了什么？形成实施意图是一种减少脂肪摄入的有效干预措施，总体效果中等。当针对男性以及在过程中没有监测时，这种干预的效果会增强。本研究引入了一条新的研究路线，专注于研究规划对复杂目标的影响。
