Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
Amsterdam Collaboration on Health and Safety in Sports, Department of Public and Occupational Health and EMGO+ Institute, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Sports Med. 2017 Sep;47(9):1847-1857. doi: 10.1007/s40279-017-0704-4.
The injury burden in collision sports is relatively high compared to other team sports. Therefore, participants in these sports would benefit by having effective injury prevention programs. Exercise-based interventions have successfully reduced injuries in soccer, but evidence on exercise-based interventions in tackle collision sports is limited.
The objective of this review is to systematically examine the evidence of exercise-based intervention programs reducing injuries in tackle collision sports.
PubMed, EBSCOHost, and Web of Science were searched for articles published between January 1995 and December 2015. The methodological quality was assessed using an adapted Cochrane Bone Joint and Muscle Trauma Group quality assessment tool.
The inclusion criteria were (1) (randomized) control trials and observational studies; (2) sporting codes: American, Australian and Gaelic Football, rugby union, and rugby league; (3) participants of any age or sex; (4) exercise-based, prehabilitative intervention; and (5) primary outcome was injury rate or incidence (injury risk). The exclusion criteria were (1) unavailability of full-text; and (2) article unavailable in English.
Nine studies with a total of 3517 participants were included in this review. Seven of these studies showed a significant decrease in injury risk. These studies included three sporting codes and various age groups, making it difficult to make inferences. The two highest methodological quality studies found no effect of an exercise-based intervention on injury risk.
There is evidence that exercise-based injury preventions can be beneficial in reducing injury risk in collision sports, but more studies of high methodological quality are required.
与其他团队运动相比，碰撞运动的受伤负担相对较高。因此，这些运动的参与者将受益于有效的伤害预防计划。基于运动的干预措施已成功减少了足球运动中的伤害，但在解决接撞类运动中的基于运动的干预措施方面的证据有限。
本综述的目的是系统地检查基于运动的干预计划在减少接撞类运动中受伤的证据。
在 1995 年 1 月至 2015 年 12 月期间，在 PubMed、EBSCOHost 和 Web of Science 上搜索了发表的文章。使用改编的 Cochrane 骨骼关节和肌肉创伤组质量评估工具评估了方法学质量。
纳入标准为（1）（随机）对照试验和观察性研究；（2）运动项目：美式足球、澳式足球、盖尔足球、橄榄球联盟和橄榄球联赛；（3）任何年龄或性别的参与者；（4）基于运动的、预康复干预；（5）主要结果是伤害发生率或发病率（伤害风险）。排除标准为（1）无法获取全文；（2）文章不是英文的。
共有 9 项研究，总计 3517 名参与者纳入本综述。其中 7 项研究表明受伤风险显著降低。这些研究包括 3 个运动项目和不同的年龄组，因此很难做出推断。两项方法学质量最高的研究发现，基于运动的干预对受伤风险没有影响。
有证据表明，基于运动的伤害预防措施可以减少碰撞运动中的伤害风险，但需要更多高质量的研究。
