Amajoud Nadia, Bouchrif Brahim, El Maadoudi Mohammed, Skalli Senhaji Nadia, Karraouan Bouchra, El Harsal Abdeltif, El Abrini Jamal
Faculty of Sciences of Tetouan, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tetouan, Morocco.
J Infect Dev Ctries. 2017 Feb 28;11(2):136-142. doi: 10.3855/jidc.8026.
Salmonellosis is one of the most common foodborne diseases worldwide. The irrational use of antibiotics in medicine and in animal feed has greatly promoted the emergence and spread of resistant strains of non-typhoidal Salmonella.
A total of 464 food products were collected in Tetouan from January 2010 to December 2012. The isolation and identification of Salmonella were performed according to Moroccan standard 08.0.116. All isolates were serotyped and were then tested for antibiotic resistance using the disk diffusion method.
The microbiological analysis showed that 10.3% of food samples were contaminated with Salmonella. Eleven serotypes were identified: Kentucky 22.9% (11/48), Agona 16.7% (8/48), Reading 12.5% (6/48), Corvallis 8.3% (4/48), Saintpaul 8.3% (4/48), Typhimurium 6.2% (3/48), Montevideo 6.2% (3/48), Enteritidis 4.2% (2/48), and 2% (1/48) for each of Israel, Hadar, and Branderup. Drug susceptibility testing showed that 39.6% of Salmonella were resistant to at least one antibiotic and 60.4% were susceptible to all tested antibiotics. The highest percentage of resistance was found to the following antimicrobial agents: nalidixic acid (27.1%), sulfonamides (25%), amoxicillin (12.5%), amoxicillin/clavulanic acid 12.5%, trimethoprim (10.4%), cephalothin (4.2%), and chloramphenicol (2.1%).
This study revealed a relatively high prevalence of Salmonella in food products in Tetouan and a large percentage of drug-resistant strains. Hygienic measures should be rigorously implemented, and monitoring resistance of Salmonella is required to reduce the risks related to the emergence of multi-resistant bacteria.
沙门氏菌病是全球最常见的食源性疾病之一。医学和动物饲料中抗生素的不合理使用极大地促进了非伤寒沙门氏菌耐药菌株的出现和传播。
2010年1月至2012年12月期间，在得土安共采集了464份食品。沙门氏菌的分离和鉴定按照摩洛哥标准08.0.116进行。所有分离株进行血清分型，然后采用纸片扩散法检测抗生素耐药性。
微生物分析表明，10.3%的食品样本被沙门氏菌污染。鉴定出11种血清型：肯塔基22.9%（11/48）、阿哥纳16.7%（8/48）、雷丁12.5%（6/48）、科瓦利斯8.3%（4/48）、圣保罗8.3%（4/48）、鼠伤寒6.2%（3/48）、蒙得维的亚6.2%（3/48）、肠炎4.2%（2/48），以色列、哈达尔和布兰德鲁普各占2%（1/48）。药敏试验表明，39.6%的沙门氏菌对至少一种抗生素耐药，60.4%对所有测试抗生素敏感。对以下抗菌药物的耐药率最高：萘啶酸（27.1%）、磺胺类药物（25%）、阿莫西林（12.5%）、阿莫西林/克拉维酸12.5%、甲氧苄啶（10.4%）、头孢噻吩（4.2%）和氯霉素（2.1%）。
本研究揭示了得土安食品中沙门氏菌的患病率相对较高，且耐药菌株比例较大。应严格实施卫生措施，并监测沙门氏菌的耐药性，以降低多重耐药菌出现相关的风险。
