Ames Nancy J, Ranucci Alexandra, Moriyama Brad, Wallen Gwenyth R
Nancy J. Ames, RN, PhD, is Clinical Nurse Scientist, Nursing Department, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, Maryland. Alexandra Ranucci, BS, is MD/MPH Candidate, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana. She was a Post-Baccalaureate Intramural Research Award Recipient, Nursing Department, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, at the time this paper was prepared. Brad Moriyama, PharmD, is Clinical Pharmacist, Pharmacy Department, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, Maryland. Gwenyth R. Wallen, RN, PhD, is Chief Nurse Officer (Acting), Nursing Department, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, Maryland.
Nurs Res. 2017 Mar/Apr;66(2):184-197. doi: 10.1097/NNR.0000000000000212.
As more is understood regarding the human microbiome, it is increasingly important for nurse scientists and healthcare practitioners to analyze these microbial communities and their role in health and disease. 16S rRNA sequencing is a key methodology in identifying these bacterial populations that has recently transitioned from use primarily in research to having increased utility in clinical settings.
The objectives of this review are to (a) describe 16S rRNA sequencing and its role in answering research questions important to nursing science; (b) provide an overview of the oral, lung, and gut microbiomes and relevant research; and (c) identify future implications for microbiome research and 16S sequencing in translational nursing science.
Sequencing using the 16S rRNA gene has revolutionized research and allowed scientists to easily and reliably characterize complex bacterial communities. This type of research has recently entered the clinical setting, one of the best examples involving the use of 16S sequencing to identify resistant pathogens, thereby improving the accuracy of bacterial identification in infection control. Clinical microbiota research and related requisite methods are of particular relevance to nurse scientists-individuals uniquely positioned to utilize these techniques in future studies in clinical settings.
随着对人类微生物组的了解越来越多，护士科学家和医疗从业者分析这些微生物群落及其在健康和疾病中的作用变得越来越重要。16S rRNA测序是识别这些细菌群体的关键方法，该方法最近已从主要用于研究转变为在临床环境中的应用越来越广泛。
本综述的目的是：（a）描述16S rRNA测序及其在回答对护理科学重要的研究问题中的作用；（b）概述口腔、肺部和肠道微生物组及相关研究；（c）确定微生物组研究和16S测序在转化护理科学中的未来意义。
使用16S rRNA基因进行测序彻底改变了研究方式，使科学家能够轻松、可靠地表征复杂的细菌群落。这类研究最近已进入临床环境，其中一个最佳实例是利用16S测序来识别耐药病原体，从而提高感染控制中细菌鉴定的准确性。临床微生物群研究及相关必要方法对护士科学家尤为重要——他们在未来临床环境研究中具有独特的优势来运用这些技术。
