Gifre Laia, Arís Anna, Bach Àlex, Garcia-Fruitós Elena
Department of Ruminant Production, Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), 08140, Caldes de Montbui, Spain.
Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain.
Microb Cell Fact. 2017 Mar 4;16(1):40. doi: 10.1186/s12934-017-0654-4.
Recombinant technologies have made possible the production of a broad catalogue of proteins of interest, including those used for animal production. The most widely studied proteins for the animal sector are those with an important role in reproduction, feed efficiency, and health. Nowadays, mammalian cells and fungi are the preferred choice for recombinant production of hormones for reproductive purposes and fibrolytic enzymes to enhance animal performance, respectively. However, the development of low-cost products is a priority, particularly in livestock. The study of cell factories such as yeast and bacteria has notably increased in the last decades to make the new developed reproductive hormones and fibrolytic enzymes a real alternative to the marketed ones. Important efforts have also been invested to developing new recombinant strategies for prevention and therapy, including passive immunization and modulation of the immune system. This offers the possibility to reduce the use of antibiotics by controlling physiological processes and improve the efficacy of preventing infections. Thus, nowadays different recombinant fibrolytic enzymes, hormones, and therapeutic molecules with optimized properties have been successfully produced through cost-effective processes using microbial cell factories. However, despite the important achievements for reducing protein production expenses, alternative strategies to further reduce these costs are still required. In this context, it is necessary to make a giant leap towards the use of novel strategies, such as nanotechnology, that combined with recombinant technology would make recombinant molecules affordable for animal industry.
重组技术使生产大量目标蛋白质成为可能，包括用于动物生产的蛋白质。在动物领域研究最广泛的蛋白质是那些在繁殖、饲料效率和健康方面发挥重要作用的蛋白质。如今，哺乳动物细胞和真菌分别是用于生殖目的的激素和用于提高动物性能的纤维分解酶重组生产的首选。然而，开发低成本产品是当务之急，尤其是在畜牧业。在过去几十年里，对酵母和细菌等细胞工厂的研究显著增加，以使新开发的生殖激素和纤维分解酶真正替代市场上已有的产品。人们还投入了大量精力来开发用于预防和治疗的新重组策略，包括被动免疫和免疫系统调节。这提供了通过控制生理过程减少抗生素使用并提高预防感染效果的可能性。因此，如今通过使用微生物细胞工厂的经济高效方法，已经成功生产出了具有优化特性的不同重组纤维分解酶、激素和治疗分子。然而，尽管在降低蛋白质生产成本方面取得了重要成就，但仍需要进一步降低这些成本的替代策略。在这种背景下，有必要朝着使用纳米技术等新策略迈出巨大步伐，纳米技术与重组技术相结合将使重组分子对动物产业来说变得负担得起。
