Ijoma Grace N, Heri Sylvie M, Matambo Tonderayi S, Tekere Memory
Institute for the Development of Energy for African Sustainability (IDEAS), College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, P.O. Box 392, UNISA, Pretoria 0001, South Africa.
Department of Environmental Science, College of Agricultural and Environmental Science, University of South Africa, P.O. Box 392, UNISA, Pretoria 0001, South Africa.
J Fungi (Basel). 2021 Aug 27;7(9):700. doi: 10.3390/jof7090700.
Identifying and adopting industrial applications for proteins and enzymes derived from fungi strains have been at the focal point of several studies in recent times. To facilitate such studies, it is necessary that advancements and innovation in mycological and molecular characterisation are concomitant. This review aims to provide a detailed overview of the necessary steps employed in both qualitative and quantitative research using the omics technologies that are pertinent to fungi characterisation. This stems from the understanding that data provided from the functional characterisation of fungi and their metabolites is important towards the techno-economic feasibility of large-scale production of biological products. The review further describes how the functional gaps left by genomics, internal transcribe spacer (ITS) regions are addressed by transcriptomics and the various techniques and platforms utilised, including quantitive reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), hybridisation techniques, and RNA-seq, and the insights such data provide on the effect of environmental changes on fungal enzyme production from an expressional standpoint. The review also offers information on the many available bioinformatics tools of analysis necessary for the analysis of the overwhelming data synonymous with the omics approach to fungal characterisation.
确定并采用源自真菌菌株的蛋白质和酶的工业应用，是近年来多项研究的重点。为推动此类研究，真菌学和分子表征方面的进步与创新必须同步进行。本综述旨在详细概述运用与真菌表征相关的组学技术进行定性和定量研究时所采用的必要步骤。这源于这样一种认识，即真菌及其代谢产物功能表征所提供的数据对于生物产品大规模生产的技术经济可行性至关重要。该综述进一步描述了转录组学如何弥补基因组学、内转录间隔区（ITS）区域留下的功能空白，以及所使用的各种技术和平台，包括定量逆转录聚合酶链反应（RT-qPCR）、杂交技术和RNA测序，以及这些数据从表达角度就环境变化对真菌酶生产的影响所提供的见解。该综述还提供了有关许多可用生物信息学分析工具的信息，这些工具对于分析与真菌表征的组学方法相关的大量数据是必不可少的。
