Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry.
Departments of Biostatistics, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA.
J Nutr. 2018 Jul 1;148(7):1144-1149. doi: 10.1093/jn/nxy071.
Height is an indicator of nutritional status; linear growth faltering has recognized consequences for cognitive, emotional, and chronic disease risk. Although height is routinely studied in developing countries, less attention is given to height in the United States.
The objective of this study was to identify longitudinal associations between childhood and adolescent beverage intakes, nutrient adequacy, or energy intake and height in a birth cohort.
Data for participants through ages 2-17 y (n = 717; 353 males, 364 females) recruited at birth for the longitudinal Iowa Fluoride Study (IFS) were used in the current cohort analyses. Beverage intakes (n = 708) were collected by beverage-frequency questionnaires at 3- to 6-mo intervals, whereas nutrient data (n = 652) were obtained from 3-d food diaries completed at 3- to 6-mo intervals through age 8.5 y and from Block Kids' food-frequency questionnaires at 2-y intervals after age 8.5 y. Nutrient adequacy ratios were calculated with the use of age- and sex-specific Estimated Average Requirements. Height was measured at clinic visits when the participants were approximately ages 5, 9, 11, 13, 15, and 17 y. Linear mixed models were used to identify longitudinal associations between dietary variables and height. A baseline model that adjusted for changing growth patterns during adolescence was established. Dietary and potential confounding variables were added to this baseline model.
Milk intake adjusted for mean adequacy ratio, energy intake, and baseline socioeconomic status was associated with height; for each additional 8 ounces (236 mL) of milk consumed per day throughout childhood and adolescence, height increased, on average, by 0.39 cm (95% CI: 0.18, 0.60 cm; P < 0.001).
IFS participants' height increased by 0.39 cm for each additional 8 ounces (236 mL) of milk consumed throughout childhood and adolescence. The clinical implications of the mild linear growth faltering observed in healthy youth are unknown. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as 199112665.
身高是营养状况的指标；线性生长迟缓对认知、情绪和慢性病风险有公认的影响。尽管身高在发展中国家得到了常规研究，但在美国对身高的关注较少。
本研究的目的是确定在一个出生队列中，儿童和青少年时期的饮料摄入量、营养素充足程度或能量摄入与身高之间的纵向关联。
本研究使用了纵向爱荷华州氟化物研究（IFS）中招募的参与者在 2-17 岁（n=717；353 名男性，364 名女性）的数据进行了当前队列分析。饮料摄入量（n=708）通过每 3-6 个月进行一次的饮料频率问卷调查收集，而营养素数据（n=652）则通过每 3-6 个月进行一次的 3 天食物日记和 8.5 岁以后每 2 年进行一次的 Block Kids 食物频率问卷获得。营养素充足率通过使用年龄和性别特定的估计平均需求量计算。参与者在大约 5、9、11、13、15 和 17 岁时在诊所就诊时测量身高。线性混合模型用于确定饮食变量与身高之间的纵向关联。建立了一个调整青春期生长模式变化的基线模型。将饮食和潜在混杂变量添加到该基线模型中。
调整平均充足率、能量摄入和基线社会经济地位的牛奶摄入量与身高有关；在整个儿童期和青春期，每天额外摄入 8 盎司（236 毫升）的牛奶，平均身高增加 0.39 厘米（95%CI：0.18，0.60 厘米；P<0.001）。
IFS 参与者在整个儿童期和青春期，每额外摄入 8 盎司（236 毫升）的牛奶，身高增加 0.39 厘米。在健康的年轻人中观察到的轻度线性生长迟缓的临床意义尚不清楚。这项试验在 www.clinicaltrials.gov 上注册为 199112665。
