Brown Alyse C, Chouinard Philippe A, Crewther Sheila G
School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
Front Hum Neurosci. 2017 Feb 14;11:57. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2017.00057. eCollection 2017.
Sensory, in particular visual processing is recognized as often perturbed in individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). However, in terms of the literature pertaining to visual processing, individuals in the normal intelligence range (IQ = 90-110) and above, are more frequently represented in study samples than individuals who score below normal in the borderline intellectual disability (ID) (IQ = 71-85) to ID (IQ < 70) ranges. This raises concerns as to whether or not current research is generalizable to a disorder that is often co-morbid with ID. Thus, the aim of this review is to better understand to what extent the current ASD visual processing literature is representative of the entire ASD population as either diagnosed or recognized under DSM-5. Our recalculation of ASD prevalence figures, using the criteria of DSM-5, indicates approximately 40% of the ASD population are likely to be ID although searching of the visual processing literature in ASD up to July 2016 showed that only 20% of papers included the ASD with-ID population. In the published literature, the mean IQ sampled was found to be 104, with about 80% of studies sampling from the 96-115 of the IQ range, highlighting the marked under-representation of the ID and borderline ID sections of the ASD population. We conclude that current understanding of visual processing and perception in ASD is not based on the mean IQ profile of the DSM-5 defined ASD population that now appears to lie within the borderline ID to ID range. Give the importance of the role of vision for the social and cognitive processing in ASD, we recommend accurately representing ASD via greater inclusion of individuals with IQ below 80, in future ASD research.
在自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）患者中，感觉功能，尤其是视觉处理功能，常被认为受到干扰。然而，就有关视觉处理的文献而言，正常智力范围（智商=90-110）及以上的个体在研究样本中出现的频率高于边缘智力障碍（ID）（智商=71-85）至智力障碍（智商<70）范围内低于正常水平的个体。这引发了人们对当前研究是否可推广到常与智力障碍共病的疾病的担忧。因此，本综述的目的是更好地了解当前ASD视觉处理文献在多大程度上代表了根据《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》第5版（DSM-5）诊断或识别的整个ASD人群。我们使用DSM-5标准重新计算ASD患病率数据，结果表明，约40%的ASD人群可能存在智力障碍，尽管截至2016年7月对ASD视觉处理文献的检索显示，只有20%的论文纳入了伴有智力障碍的ASD人群。在已发表的文献中，抽样的平均智商为104，约80%的研究从智商范围96-115中抽样，这突出表明ASD人群中智力障碍和边缘智力障碍部分的代表性明显不足。我们得出结论，目前对ASD视觉处理和感知的理解并非基于DSM-5定义的ASD人群的平均智商分布情况，而该人群现在似乎处于边缘智力障碍至智力障碍范围内。鉴于视觉在ASD社交和认知处理中的重要作用，我们建议在未来的ASD研究中，通过更多纳入智商低于80的个体来准确呈现ASD。
