Zhang Cheng, Zhu Lusheng, Wang Jinhua, Wang Jun, Zhou Tongtong, Xu Yaqi, Cheng Chao
College of Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Road, Taian 271018, People's Republic of China.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2017 Jun;140:235-240. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.02.054. Epub 2017 Mar 8.
With the increasing applications of ionic liquids (ILs), the toxicity of ILs has drawn increasing attention in recent years, especially the influences of different anions and alkyl-chain lengths on the acute toxicity to aquatic organisms. We performed a study on the acute toxicity of 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium nitrate ([Cmim]NO (n=2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12)), 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium ILs ([Cmim]R (R=Cl, Br, BF, PF)) to zebrafish (Danio rerio). We also evaluated the sensibility of the investigated animals and the stability of ILs in water via high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC, Agilent 1260, Agilent Technologies Inc., USA) to prove the reliability of the present study. The results illustrated that the test zebrafish (Danio rerio) were sensitive to the reference toxicant and that the investigated ILs in water were stable. The 50% lethal concentration (LC) was used to represent the acute toxicity to zebrafish (Danio rerio). The present study showed that the highest toxic IL is [Cmim]NO and the lowest toxic IL is [Cmim]NO on Danio rerio. The LCs for ILs with different anions had similar values. Accordingly, we believe that ILs with different alkyl-chain lengths cause greater effects than other anions on acute toxicity to aquatic organisms. Furthermore, the present study can also provide scientific methods for future studies to select and assess ILs.
随着离子液体（ILs）应用的不断增加，近年来离子液体的毒性越来越受到关注，尤其是不同阴离子和烷基链长度对水生生物急性毒性的影响。我们对1-烷基-3-甲基咪唑鎓硝酸盐（[Cmim]NO (n = 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12)）、1-己基-3-甲基咪唑鎓离子液体（[Cmim]R (R = Cl, Br, BF, PF)）对斑马鱼（Danio rerio）的急性毒性进行了研究。我们还通过高效液相色谱法（HPLC，美国安捷伦科技公司的安捷伦1260）评估了受试动物的敏感性以及离子液体在水中的稳定性，以证明本研究的可靠性。结果表明，受试斑马鱼（Danio rerio）对参考毒物敏感，且所研究的离子液体在水中稳定。用半数致死浓度（LC）来表示对斑马鱼（Danio rerio）的急性毒性。本研究表明，对斑马鱼（Danio rerio）毒性最高的离子液体是[Cmim]NO ，毒性最低的是[Cmim]NO 。不同阴离子的离子液体的LC值相似。因此，我们认为不同烷基链长度的离子液体对水生生物急性毒性的影响比其他阴离子更大。此外，本研究还可为未来离子液体的选择和评估研究提供科学方法。
