Reknes Iselin, Notelaers Guy, Magerøy Nils, Pallesen Ståle, Bjorvatn Bjørn, Moen Bente Elisabeth, Einarsen Ståle
Department of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
Department of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Occupational Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
Nurs Res Pract. 2017;2017:1502854. doi: 10.1155/2017/1502854. Epub 2017 Feb 8.
Although workplace violence and aggression have been identified as important stressors in the nursing profession, studies simultaneously comparing patient-initiated aggression and exposure to bullying behaviors at work are rather scarce. The aim of this study was to compare aggression from patients or next of kin and exposure to bullying behaviors in terms of prevalence, health-related quality of life outcomes, and potential overlap in those targeted. In the period of 2008-2009, data were collected among 2059 members of the Norwegian Nurses Organization. Latent class (LC) analysis and a multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) were used to investigate the proposed relationships. The results showed that aggression from patients or next of kin and exposure to bullying behaviors were perceived as separate and independent stressors. Although aggression from patients or next of kin was more frequent than workplace bullying, the latter was the only significant stressor related to health-related quality of life in terms of reduced mental health functioning. Although being a rather infrequent experience, exposure to bullying behaviors seems to have more severe health-related outcomes for nurses than aggression from patients or next of kin. Hence, the results of the study strengthen previous findings and suggest that managers must aim to maintain a positive psychosocial work environment with zero-tolerance for bullying.
尽管工作场所暴力和攻击行为已被确认为护理行业的重要压力源，但同时比较患者引发的攻击行为和工作中遭受欺凌行为的研究却相当匮乏。本研究的目的是比较患者或其亲属的攻击行为以及遭受欺凌行为在患病率、与健康相关的生活质量结果以及目标人群潜在重叠方面的情况。在2008 - 2009年期间，对挪威护士组织的2059名成员进行了数据收集。采用潜在类别（LC）分析和多变量方差分析（MANOVA）来研究提出的关系。结果表明，患者或其亲属的攻击行为以及遭受欺凌行为被视为独立的压力源。虽然患者或其亲属的攻击行为比工作场所欺凌更为频繁，但就心理健康功能下降而言，后者是与健康相关生活质量相关的唯一显著压力源。尽管遭受欺凌行为的经历相对较少，但对于护士来说，这种行为似乎比患者或其亲属的攻击行为产生更严重的与健康相关的后果。因此，该研究结果强化了先前的发现，并表明管理者必须致力于营造一个对欺凌行为零容忍的积极社会心理工作环境。
