Sacadura-Leite Ema, Sousa-Uva Antonio, Ferreira Sancha, Costa Patricia Lopes, Passos Ana Margarida
Centro de Investigação em Saúde Pública, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, Universidade Nova de Lisboa - Lisboa, Portugal.
Departamento de Saúde Ocupacional e Ambiental - Lisboa, Portugal.
Rev Bras Med Trab. 2020 Jan 9;17(1):69-75. doi: 10.5327/Z1679443520190339. eCollection 2019.
Healthcare workers are exposed to many different occupational stressors, some of which are related to their working conditions. While the experience of stress seems to depend on individual perceptions, some characteristics of inpatient units might influence the occurrence of emotional exhaustion among nurses.
The aim of the present study was to identify characteristics of inpatient units which might be associated with high levels of emotional exhaustion among healthcare workers, nurses in this case.
We conducted the present cross-sectional, exploratory and descriptive study with 108 nurses (83.8% female; average age 33 years old) allocated to inpatients units (wards and intensive care) at a university hospital in Portugal. We administered the (MBI-HSS) emotional exhaustion subscale and collected the following data relative to the units to which the participants were allocated: 1) mortality rate; 2) number of deceased patients; 3) shortage of nurses compared to national standards; 4) occupancy rate; 5) proportion of elderly patients (>65 years old).
We found a positive relationship between high levels of emotional exhaustion among nurses and very high number of deceased patients (p=0.012), high fatality rate (p=0.036) and high proportion of elderly patients (p=0.025).
Very high number of deceased patients, high proportion of elderly patients and high fatality rate in inpatients units were associated with high levels of emotional exhaustion among nurses. These findings suggest that characterizing the objective conditions of inpatient units seems to be an important aspect to be considered in psychosocial risk management programs.
医护人员面临许多不同的职业压力源，其中一些与他们的工作条件有关。虽然压力体验似乎取决于个人认知，但住院病房的一些特征可能会影响护士情绪耗竭的发生。
本研究的目的是确定住院病房的特征，这些特征可能与医护人员（在本案例中为护士）的高水平情绪耗竭有关。
我们在葡萄牙一家大学医院对分配到住院病房（病房和重症监护室）的108名护士（83.8%为女性；平均年龄33岁）进行了这项横断面、探索性和描述性研究。我们使用了（MBI-HSS）情绪耗竭分量表，并收集了与参与者所在病房相关的以下数据：1）死亡率；2）死亡患者数量；3）与国家标准相比护士短缺情况；4）占用率；5）老年患者（>65岁）比例。
我们发现护士的高水平情绪耗竭与非常高的死亡患者数量（p=0.012）、高死亡率（p=0.036）和高比例的老年患者（p=0.025）之间存在正相关关系。
住院病房中非常高的死亡患者数量、高比例的老年患者和高死亡率与护士的高水平情绪耗竭有关。这些发现表明，描述住院病房的客观条件似乎是心理社会风险管理计划中要考虑的一个重要方面。
