de Brito Mariana Lopes, Nunes Marina, Bernardi Juliana Rombaldi, Bosa Vera Lúcia, Goldani Marcelo Zubaran, da Silva Clécio Homrich
Graduate Program in Child and Adolescent Health, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.
Center for the Study of Child and Adolescent Health, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
BMC Pediatr. 2017 Mar 9;17(1):67. doi: 10.1186/s12887-017-0819-7.
Some studies suggest a relationship between maternal smoking during pregnancy and not only intrauterine fetal growth restriction or low birth weight, but also with changes in the postnatal growth and development. The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of smoking during pregnancy on infants growth in the first 6 months of life compared with a control group and a group with idiopathic intrauterine growth restriction.
Longitudinal observational study using a convenience sample of newborns divided into three groups: infants of smoking mothers (tobacco), with idiopathic intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and a control group. The sample was selected from two hospitals in Porto Alegre, located in southern Brazil, between 2011 and 2015. Newborns were evaluated at birth, 7 and 15 days, and in the first, third, and sixth month. Anthropometric measures were weight, length and head circumference. The growth indicators used were expressed as z-scores. The analyses were performed using the generalized estimating equation method.
The sample included 273 mother/newborn pairs: 86 tobacco group, 34 IUGR group, and 153 control group. In terms of weight at birth, all groups differed significantly (p < 0.001). The birth length of tobacco and control groups were similar, but the IUGR group was lower than both (p < 0.001). We found no differences in growth trajectory between tobacco and control group, but there were differences in the growth of the IUGR group when compared with the other groups. At 6 months of age, all groups had similar anthropometric measurements.
Intrauterine growth restriction had major impact on the growth trajectory of the infants studied, regardless of other factors, such as smoking and diet.
一些研究表明，孕期母亲吸烟不仅与胎儿宫内生长受限或低出生体重有关，还与出生后生长发育的变化有关。本研究的目的是调查孕期吸烟对婴儿出生后前6个月生长的影响，并与对照组和特发性宫内生长受限组进行比较。
采用纵向观察性研究，便利抽样选取新生儿分为三组：吸烟母亲的婴儿（烟草组）、特发性宫内生长受限（IUGR）组和对照组。样本选自巴西南部阿雷格里港的两家医院，时间跨度为2011年至2015年。新生儿在出生时、出生后7天和15天以及第1、3和6个月进行评估。人体测量指标包括体重、身长和头围。所使用的生长指标以z分数表示。分析采用广义估计方程法。
样本包括273对母婴：86对烟草组、34对IUGR组和153对对照组。在出生体重方面，所有组间差异显著（p < 0.001）。烟草组和对照组的出生身长相似，但IUGR组低于其他两组（p < 0.001）。我们发现烟草组和对照组之间的生长轨迹没有差异，但IUGR组与其他组相比生长存在差异。在6个月大时，所有组的人体测量指标相似。
宫内生长受限对所研究婴儿的生长轨迹有重大影响，而不受吸烟和饮食等其他因素的影响。
