Rukwied R
Klinik für Anaesthesiologie und Operative Intensivmedizin, Medizinische Fakultät Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Deutschland.
Hautarzt. 2017 Jun;68(6):431-436. doi: 10.1007/s00105-017-3959-7.
Human scalp reveals a remarkable difference to hairy skin of other body regions. The structure of the scalp offers effective protection against water loss and contributes to thermoregulation due to significant vascularization. The scalp is innervated by the trigeminus nerve.
The majority of the population complain about "sensitive" scalp. However, sensory, regional, ethnic or pathologic parameters contributing to "sensitive" scalp are largely unknown.
Quantitative sensory tests and superficial topical application test of irritant substances were performed.
Extremely high thresholds to thermal and mechanical stimuli were recorded at the vertex compared to occipital or temporal scalp regions, or the hairy skin of other body regions such as trunk or distal extremities. Pronounced scalp hypersensitivity can be found in Asians as compared to Caucasians and under pathologic conditions, such as alopecia, dandruff, or migraine.
Putative causes of "sensitive" scalp can be a facilitated transdermal penetration of irritant substances, altered neuronal innervation or receptor expression, or peripheral and central sensitization of sensory afferents.
人类头皮与身体其他部位的多毛皮肤存在显著差异。头皮的结构能有效防止水分流失，且由于丰富的血管化有助于体温调节。头皮由三叉神经支配。
大多数人抱怨头皮“敏感”。然而，导致头皮“敏感”的感觉、区域、种族或病理参数在很大程度上尚不清楚。
进行了定量感觉测试和刺激性物质的浅表局部应用测试。
与枕部或颞部头皮区域，或身体其他部位如躯干或远端肢体的多毛皮肤相比，头顶对热和机械刺激的阈值极高。与白种人相比，亚洲人在病理状况下（如脱发、头皮屑或偏头痛）会出现明显的头皮超敏反应。
头皮“敏感”的可能原因包括刺激性物质经皮渗透增强、神经元支配或受体表达改变，或感觉传入神经的外周和中枢致敏。
