Erdoğan Emrah, Özkan Bora, Mutlu Fatih, Karaca Serkan, Şahin İzzet
Erciyes University Medical Faculty, Department of Medical Parasitology, Kayseri, Turkey.
Mikrobiyol Bul. 2017 Jan;51(1):79-86. doi: 10.5578/mb.45452.
Echinococcus granulosus is a parasite that can be seen throughout the world. So far, five species of genus Echinococcus have been identified as parasite in people: E.granulosus, E.multilocularis, E.vogeli, E.oligarthrus, E.shiquicus. Larval (metacestod) form of parasite settles in internal organs of hoofed animals (cattle, goats, pigs, horses, sheep, etc.) and human; the adult form is found in small intestine of final host, canine. Disease caused by parasite called as "Cystic echinococcosis" (CE) is an important health problem and causes economic losses in many countries including our country that livestock is common. Infective eggs cause infections in intermediate hosts by taking oral way and rarely inhalation. Received egg opens in the stomach and intestines of intermediate host and oncosphere is released. Oncosphere quickly reaches the lamina propria of the villus epithelium by its histolytic enzymes and hooks. It usually transported from here to the liver and lungs, less frequently, muscle, brain, spleen, kidney and to other organs through the veins. By molecular studies, five species have been validated taxonomically and 10 different variants or strains of E.granulosus have been identified. Host and developmental differences between strains may negatively affect control studies and fight against the parasite. This study aimed to determinate E.granulosus strains obtained from cyst material of different intermediate hosts from different regions of Turkey by molecular methods. In the study, 25 human, 8 cattle, 6 sheep and 2 goat cysts material has been collected. Total genomic DNA was isolated from protoscoleces in cyst fluid and analyzed by PCR with COX-1 (L) and COX-1 (S) genes specific primers. DNA sequence analysis for each PCR product has been made. DNA sequence analysis results evaluated phylogenetically by MEGA analyze and BLAST software. As a result of this study, all isolates were identified as E.granulosus sensu stricto (G1) by DNA sequence analysis. CE is a major public health problem for our country so we believe that obtained data from this study is an important source for parasite control, effective diagnosis, treatment techniques, eradication, vaccination and drug development. Similar studies will be beneficial to cover all other regions of Turkey and to develop effective and successful control programs.
细粒棘球绦虫是一种遍布全球的寄生虫。到目前为止，已鉴定出棘球绦虫属的五个物种可寄生于人体：细粒棘球绦虫、多房棘球绦虫、伏氏棘球绦虫、少节棘球绦虫、石渠棘球绦虫。该寄生虫的幼虫（中绦期幼虫）寄生于有蹄类动物（牛、山羊、猪、马、绵羊等）和人类的内脏器官；成虫见于终末宿主犬科动物的小肠。由该寄生虫引起的疾病称为“囊性棘球蚴病”（CE），是一个重要的健康问题，在包括我国在内的许多畜牧业常见的国家会造成经济损失。感染性虫卵通过经口途径，很少通过吸入感染中间宿主。摄入的虫卵在中间宿主的胃和肠道内孵化，释放出六钩蚴。六钩蚴通过其组织溶解酶和钩迅速到达绒毛上皮的固有层。它通常由此处通过静脉转运至肝脏和肺，较少见的是转运至肌肉、脑、脾、肾及其他器官。通过分子研究，已从分类学上验证了五个物种，并鉴定出细粒棘球绦虫的10种不同变体或菌株。菌株之间的宿主和发育差异可能会对控制研究及对抗该寄生虫产生负面影响。本研究旨在通过分子方法确定从土耳其不同地区不同中间宿主的囊肿材料中获得的细粒棘球绦虫菌株。在该研究中，收集了25份人类、8份牛、6份绵羊和2份山羊的囊肿材料。从囊液中的原头节分离出总基因组DNA，并使用COX - 1（L）和COX - 1（S）基因特异性引物通过PCR进行分析。对每个PCR产物进行了DNA序列分析。通过MEGA分析和BLAST软件对DNA序列分析结果进行系统发育评估。本研究结果显示，通过DNA序列分析，所有分离株均被鉴定为狭义细粒棘球绦虫（G1）。CE对我国来说是一个主要的公共卫生问题，因此我们认为本研究获得的数据是寄生虫控制、有效诊断、治疗技术、根除、疫苗接种和药物研发的重要来源。类似的研究将有助于覆盖土耳其的所有其他地区，并制定有效且成功的控制计划。
