1 Department of Public Health, University of Tennessee , Knoxville, Tennessee.
2 Department of Health Services, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington.
LGBT Health. 2017 Apr;4(2):82-105. doi: 10.1089/lgbt.2016.0026. Epub 2017 Mar 13.
Sexual and gender minorities (SGMs) are underrepresented and information about SGMs is difficult to locate in national health surveillance data, and this limits identification and resolution of SGM health disparities. It is also not known how measures of sexual orientation and transgender-inclusive gender identity in health surveillance compare with best practice recommendations. This article reviews and summarizes the publicly available, English language, large-scale, rigorously sampled, national, international, and regional data sources that include sexual orientation or transgender-inclusive gender identity and compares measures with best practice guidelines.
A systematic review was undertaken of national, international, state, and regional health surveillance data sources. Data sources that measured sexual orientation or transgender-inclusive gender identity and met seven inclusion criteria were included.
Forty-three publicly accessible national, international, and regional data sources included measures of sexual orientation and transgender-inclusive gender identity and health. For each data source, sampling design, sample characteristics, study years, survey questions, contact persons, and data access links are provided. Few data sources met best practice recommendations for SGM measurement: 14% measured all three dimensions of sexual orientation (identity, behavior, attraction) as recommended by the Sexual Minority Assessment Research Team. No data sources measured transgender-inclusive gender identity according to the Gender Identity in U.S. Surveillance-recommended two-step method of measuring sex assigned at birth and current gender identity.
This article provides a much needed detailed summary of extant health surveillance data sources that can be used to inform research about health risks and disparities among SGM populations. Future recommendations are for more rigorous measurement and oversampling to advance what is known about SGM health disparities and guide development of interventions to reduce disparities.
性少数群体（SGM）代表性不足，有关 SGM 的信息在国家健康监测数据中难以找到，这限制了 SGM 健康差异的识别和解决。目前也不清楚健康监测中测量性取向和包含跨性别者的性别认同的措施与最佳实践建议的比较情况。本文综述并总结了可公开获取的、英文的、大规模的、严格抽样的、国家的、国际的和地区的数据来源，这些数据来源包括性取向或包含跨性别者的性别认同，并将这些措施与最佳实践指南进行了比较。
对国家、国际、州和地区健康监测数据来源进行了系统综述。纳入了测量性取向或包含跨性别者的性别认同并符合七个纳入标准的数据来源。
43 个可公开获取的国家、国际和地区数据来源包括性取向和包含跨性别者的性别认同及健康方面的衡量指标。为每个数据源提供了抽样设计、样本特征、研究年限、调查问题、联系人以及数据访问链接。很少有数据源符合 SGM 测量的最佳实践建议：14%的数据源按照性少数群体评估研究小组的建议测量了性取向的所有三个维度（身份、行为、吸引力）。没有数据源按照美国监测推荐的测量出生时分配的性别和当前性别认同的两步法测量包含跨性别者的性别认同。
本文提供了对现有健康监测数据来源的详细总结，这些数据来源可用于了解 SGM 人群的健康风险和差异。未来的建议是进行更严格的测量和超额抽样，以增进对 SGM 健康差异的了解，并指导制定减少差异的干预措施。
