Cheatham Scott W, Stull Kyle R, Fantigrassi Mike, Montel Ian
J Sport Rehabil. 2018 May 1;27(3):263-273. doi: 10.1123/jsr.2016-0246. Epub 2018 May 25.
The squat is a fundamental movement for weightlifting and sports performance. Both unilateral and bilateral squats are also used to assess transitional and dynamic lower-extremity control. Common lower-extremity conditions can have an influence on squat performance. Of interest are the effects of hip musculoskeletal conditions and associated factors, such as hip muscle pain, fatigue, and tightness, on squat performance. Currently, there has been no appraisal of the evidence regarding the association of these conditions and associated factors on squat performance.
This study evaluated the current evidence regarding common hip musculoskeletal conditions and associated factors, such as hip muscle pain, fatigue, and tightness, on squat performance.
A systematic review was conducted according to preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses guidelines. A search of PubMed, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, ProQuest, and Google Scholar® was conducted in October, 2016 using the following keywords alone and in combination: hip, joint, arthritis, pain, range of motion (ROM), fatigue, tightness, pathology, condition, muscle, intraarticular, extraarticular, femoroacetabular impingement, single leg, bilateral, squat, performance, and technique. The grading of studies was conducted using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database scale.
The authors identified 35 citations, 15 of which met the inclusion criteria. The qualifying studies yielded a total of 542 subjects (160 men and 382 women; mean age = 29.3 (5.9) y) and measured performance with either the barbell squat, step down, bilateral, or single-leg squat. Femoroacetabular impingement and hip arthroscopy were the only hip conditions found that affected the squat. Associated factors, such as muscle pain, fatigue, and tightness, also influenced squat performance.
This review found that common hip conditions and associated factors and their effects on squat performance to be underinvestigated. Future research should focus on the association between common hip conditions and squat performance.
深蹲是举重和运动表现的一项基本动作。单腿和双腿深蹲也用于评估下肢的过渡性和动态控制能力。常见的下肢疾病会对深蹲表现产生影响。髋部肌肉骨骼疾病及相关因素，如髋部肌肉疼痛、疲劳和紧绷，对深蹲表现的影响备受关注。目前，尚未对这些疾病及相关因素与深蹲表现之间关联的证据进行评估。
本研究评估了关于常见髋部肌肉骨骼疾病及相关因素，如髋部肌肉疼痛、疲劳和紧绷，对深蹲表现影响的现有证据。
根据系统评价和Meta分析的首选报告项目指南进行系统评价。2016年10月，在PubMed、CINAHL、SPORTDiscus、ProQuest和谷歌学术搜索中进行检索，单独及组合使用以下关键词：髋部、关节、关节炎、疼痛、活动范围（ROM）、疲劳、紧绷、病理学、疾病、肌肉、关节内、关节外、股骨髋臼撞击症、单腿、双腿、深蹲、表现和技术。使用物理治疗证据数据库量表对研究进行分级。
作者识别出35篇文献，其中15篇符合纳入标准。符合条件的研究共纳入542名受试者（160名男性和382名女性；平均年龄=29.3（5.9）岁），并通过杠铃深蹲、下台阶、双腿或单腿深蹲来测量表现。发现仅股骨髋臼撞击症和髋关节镜检查这两种髋部疾病会影响深蹲。肌肉疼痛、疲劳和紧绷等相关因素也会影响深蹲表现。
本综述发现，常见髋部疾病及相关因素及其对深蹲表现的影响尚未得到充分研究。未来的研究应聚焦于常见髋部疾病与深蹲表现之间的关联。
