Teweldemedhin Mebrahtu, Saravanan Muthupandian, Gebreyesus Araya, Gebreegziabiher Dawit
Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, 1871, Mekelle, Ethiopia.
Unit of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Aksum University, Aksum, Tigray, Ethiopia.
BMC Infect Dis. 2017 Mar 14;17(1):207. doi: 10.1186/s12879-017-2304-1.
External and intraocular infections can lead to visual impairments, which is a major public health problem. Bacteria are the most frequent pathogens affecting ocular structures; the increasing rate of antimicrobial drug resistance is a worldwide concern. The aim of this study was to determine the occurrence of bacteria in ocular infections, their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns, and risk factors in bacterial ocular infection.
A hospital based cross-sectional study was conducted from September 2015 to December 2015 at Quiha Ophthalmic Hospital, Tigray, northern Ethiopia. Ocular specimens from blepharitis, blepharoconjunctivitis, conjunctivitis, keratitis, endophthalmitis, periorbital cellulitis and dacrocystitis were collected from 270 individuals with suspected ocular infection. Data on sociodemographic and risk factors were also collected using a structured questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 21 and 0.05 with a corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) was considered statistically significant.
Among 270 study subjects, 180 (66.7%) were culture positive for different bacterial isolates. The predominant bacterial isolates were Staphylococcus aureus (40, 22.2%), coagulase negative staphylococci (31, 17.2%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (21, 11.7%). Ocular surface disease, ocular trauma, hospitalization and cosmetic application practices were significantly associated with the occurrence of bacterial infection. Concerning antimicrobial susceptibility, most isolates were susceptible to amikacin (137, 93.2%), gentamicin (131, 89.1%) and ciprofloxacin (141, 89.2%). Overall, 40 (22.5%), 34 (19.1%) and 62 (34.8%) isolates were resistant to one, two, and three or more antimicrobials, respectively.
Bacteria were isolated from the majority of the study subjects. More than half of the bacterial isolates were resistant at least to one drug and a significant rate of multidrug resistance was detected. Therefore, identification of the etiologic agent and antimicrobial susceptibility testing should be practiced to select the appropriate antimicrobial agent to treat eye infections and prevent the emergence of drug resistant bacteria.
眼外感染和眼内感染可导致视力损害，这是一个重大的公共卫生问题。细菌是影响眼部结构最常见的病原体；抗菌药物耐药率的上升是一个全球关注的问题。本研究的目的是确定眼部感染中细菌的发生率、它们的抗菌药物敏感性模式以及细菌性眼部感染的危险因素。
2015年9月至2015年12月在埃塞俄比亚北部提格雷的基哈眼科医院进行了一项基于医院的横断面研究。从270例疑似眼部感染患者中收集睑缘炎、睑结膜角膜炎、结膜炎、角膜炎、眼内炎、眶周蜂窝织炎和泪囊炎的眼部标本。还使用结构化问卷收集了社会人口统计学和危险因素的数据。使用SPSS 21版进行数据分析，P<0.05且相应的95%置信区间（CI）被认为具有统计学意义。
在270名研究对象中，180例（66.7%）不同细菌分离株培养呈阳性。主要的细菌分离株为金黄色葡萄球菌（40株，22.2%）、凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌（31株，17.2%）和铜绿假单胞菌（21株，11.7%）。眼表疾病、眼外伤、住院和美容应用习惯与细菌感染的发生显著相关。关于抗菌药物敏感性，大多数分离株对阿米卡星（137株，93.2%）、庆大霉素（131株，89.1%）和环丙沙星（141株，89.2%）敏感。总体而言，分别有40株（22.5%）、34株（19.1%）和62株（34.8%）分离株对一种、两种和三种或更多种抗菌药物耐药。
在大多数研究对象中分离出了细菌。超过一半的细菌分离株至少对一种药物耐药，并且检测到相当比例的多重耐药。因此，应进行病原体鉴定和抗菌药物敏感性试验，以选择合适的抗菌药物治疗眼部感染并防止耐药菌的出现。
