Kuhnke Klaus, Große Christoph, Merino Pablo, Kern Klaus
Max-Planck-Institut für Festkörperforschung , Stuttgart 70569, Germany.
Institut de Physique, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne , Lausanne 1015, Switzerland.
Chem Rev. 2017 Apr 12;117(7):5174-5222. doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00645. Epub 2017 Mar 15.
The conversion of electric power to light is an important scientific and technological challenge. Advanced experimental methods have provided access to explore the relevant microscopic processes at the nanometer scale. Here, we review state-of-the-art studies of electroluminescence induced on the molecular scale by scanning tunneling microscopy. We discuss the generation of excited electronic states and electron-hole pairs (excitons) at molecular interfaces and address interactions between electronic states, local electromagnetic fields (tip-induced plasmons), and molecular vibrations. The combination of electronic and optical spectroscopies with atomic-scale spatial resolution is able to provide a comprehensive picture of energy conversion at the molecular level. A recently developed aspect is the characterization of electroluminescence emitters as quantum light sources, which can be studied with high time resolution, thus providing access to picosecond dynamics at the atomic scale.
将电能转化为光能是一项重要的科技挑战。先进的实验方法为探索纳米尺度下的相关微观过程提供了途径。在此，我们回顾了通过扫描隧道显微镜在分子尺度上诱导电致发光的前沿研究。我们讨论了分子界面处激发电子态和电子 - 空穴对（激子）的产生，并探讨了电子态、局部电磁场（针尖诱导等离子体激元）和分子振动之间的相互作用。具有原子尺度空间分辨率的电子和光谱学相结合，能够提供分子水平能量转换的全面图景。一个最近发展的方面是将电致发光发射体表征为量子光源，这可以通过高时间分辨率进行研究，从而能够在原子尺度上研究皮秒级动力学。
