Hershberger Alexandra R, Karyadi Kenny A, VanderVeen J Davis, Cyders Melissa A
a Department of Psychology , Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis , Indiana , USA.
Subst Use Misuse. 2017 Jul 3;52(8):982-991. doi: 10.1080/10826084.2016.1268628. Epub 2017 Mar 15.
Recent data suggests that positive beliefs about electronic cigarettes (e-cigs) use can lead to later e-cig use. Considering that many advertisements claim that e-cigs are superior to cigarettes, individuals' likelihood to view e-cigs more favorably than cigarettes can also influence subsequent e-cig use; however, no studies have directly assessed such a comparison.
The present study created and validated the Comparing E-Cigarettes and Cigarettes questionnaire (CEAC), which asks individuals to directly compare e-cigs and cigarettes on a number of dimensions, in two independent samples.
In sample 1 (451 undergraduates; mean age = 20.35, SD = 5.44, 72.4% female, 73.4% Caucasian) we explored the factor structure of the CEAC and in sample 2 (699 community adults collected via Amazon's Mechanical Turk; mean age = 34.04, SD = 10.9, 47.7% female, 83.3% Caucasian) we replicated the factor structure.
Exploratory factor analysis suggested a three-factor structure: General Benefits (α = 0.80), General Effects (α = 0.86), and Health Benefits (α = 0.88), which was replicated via confirmatory factor analysis, χ = 4.36; RMSEA = 0.07, 90% CI = 0.06-0.08; TLI = 0.99; CFI = 0.99, and was relatively invariant across product use and gender. Individuals reported viewing e-cigs as safer and more beneficial than cigarettes and these beliefs were higher in e-cig users.
Future work should establish how these comparative beliefs are influenced by e-cig use and/or influence subsequent transition to and increases in e-cig use. Although e-cigs are likely less harmful than cigarettes, and thus these comparative beliefs represent that state of nature, e-cigs are not completely without risk.
近期数据表明，对电子烟使用的积极信念可能导致日后使用电子烟。鉴于许多广告宣称电子烟优于香烟，个体对电子烟的看法比香烟更有利也可能影响随后的电子烟使用；然而，尚无研究直接评估这种比较。
本研究编制并验证了“电子烟与香烟比较问卷”（CEAC），该问卷要求个体在多个维度上直接比较电子烟和香烟，样本分为两个独立样本。
在样本1（451名本科生；平均年龄=20.35，标准差=5.44，72.4%为女性，73.4%为白种人）中，我们探究了CEAC的因子结构，在样本2（通过亚马逊土耳其机器人收集的699名社区成年人；平均年龄=34.04，标准差=10.9，47.7%为女性，83.3%为白种人）中，我们重复了因子结构。
探索性因子分析表明存在一个三因子结构：总体益处（α=0.80）、总体影响（α=0.86）和健康益处（α=0.88），通过验证性因子分析得到重复，χ=4.36；RMSEA=0.07，90%置信区间=0.06 - 0.08；TLI=0.99；CFI=0.99，并且在产品使用和性别方面相对不变。个体报告认为电子烟比香烟更安全、更有益，并且这些信念在电子烟使用者中更高。
未来的研究应确定这些比较性信念如何受到电子烟使用的影响和/或影响随后向电子烟使用的转变及电子烟使用的增加。尽管电子烟可能比香烟危害小，因此这些比较性信念代表了实际情况，但电子烟并非完全没有风险。
