Lappe Joan M, McMahon Donald J, Laughlin Ann, Hanson Corrine, Desmangles Jean Claude, Begley Margaret, Schwartz Misty
Osteoporosis Research Center, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE;
College of Nursing, Creighton University, Omaha, NE.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2017 May;105(5):1046-1053. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.116.138941. Epub 2017 Mar 15.
Overweight is epidemic in adolescents and is a major concern because it tracks into adulthood. Evidence supports the efficacy of high-calcium, high-dairy diets in achieving healthy weight in adults. However, no randomized controlled trials of the effect of dairy food on weight and body fat in adolescents have been reported to our knowledge. The aim was to determine whether increasing calcium intake to recommended amounts with dairy foods in adolescent girls with habitually low calcium intakes would decrease body fat gain compared with girls who continued their low calcium intake. Participants had above-the-median body mass index (BMI; in kg/m). We enrolled 274 healthy postmenarcheal 13- to 14-y-old overweight girls who had calcium intakes of ≤600 mg/d in a 12-mo randomized controlled trial. Girls were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to 1 of 2 groups within each of 3 BMI percentiles: 50th to <70th, 70th to <85th, and 85th to <98th. The assignments were ) dairy, which included low-fat milk or yogurt servings providing ≥1200 mg Ca/d or ) control, which included the usual diet of ≤600 mg Ca/d. We failed to detect a statistically significant difference between groups in percentage of body fat gain over 12 mo (mean ± SEM: dairy 0.40% ± 0.53% > control; < 0.45). The effect of the intervention did not differ by BMI percentile stratum. There was no difference in weight change between the 2 groups. Our findings that the dairy group gained body fat similar to the control group provide no support for dairy food as a stratagem to decrease body fat or weight gain in overweight adolescent girls. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01066806.
超重现象在青少年中极为普遍，这是一个主要问题，因为超重情况会持续到成年期。有证据支持高钙、高乳制品饮食在帮助成年人实现健康体重方面的有效性。然而，据我们所知，尚未有关于乳制品对青少年体重和体脂影响的随机对照试验报告。本研究的目的是确定，与继续保持低钙摄入量的女孩相比，让习惯性低钙摄入的青春期女孩通过食用乳制品将钙摄入量增加到推荐量，是否会减少体脂增加。参与者的体重指数（BMI；单位：kg/m）高于中位数。在一项为期12个月的随机对照试验中，我们招募了274名健康的初潮后13至14岁超重女孩，她们的钙摄入量≤600毫克/天。女孩们按照1:1的比例被随机分配到3个BMI百分位数区间（第50至<70百分位、第70至<85百分位、第85至<98百分位）中每组的2组中的1组。分组情况为：（1）乳制品组，包括提供≥1200毫克钙/天的低脂牛奶或酸奶；（2）对照组，包括钙摄入量≤600毫克/天的常规饮食。我们未能检测到两组在12个月内体脂增加百分比上的统计学显著差异（平均值±标准误：乳制品组0.40%±0.53%，对照组0.45%；P<0.45）。干预效果在各BMI百分位数分层中没有差异。两组之间的体重变化没有差异。我们的研究结果表明，乳制品组的体脂增加情况与对照组相似，这并不支持将乳制品作为减少超重青春期女孩体脂或体重增加的策略。该试验已在ClinicalTrials.gov上注册，注册号为NCT01066806。
