Vuong Helen E, Yano Jessica M, Fung Thomas C, Hsiao Elaine Y
Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095; email:
Annu Rev Neurosci. 2017 Jul 25;40:21-49. doi: 10.1146/annurev-neuro-072116-031347. Epub 2017 Mar 8.
The microbiota is increasingly recognized for its ability to influence the development and function of the nervous system and several complex host behaviors. In this review, we discuss emerging roles for the gut microbiota in modulating host social and communicative behavior, stressor-induced behavior, and performance in learning and memory tasks. We summarize effects of the microbiota on host neurophysiology, including brain microstructure, gene expression, and neurochemical metabolism across regions of the amygdala, hippocampus, frontal cortex, and hypothalamus. We further assess evidence linking dysbiosis of the gut microbiota to neurobehavioral diseases, such as autism spectrum disorder and major depression, drawing upon findings from animal models and human trials. Finally, based on increasing associations between the microbiota, neurophysiology, and behavior, we consider whether investigating mechanisms underlying the microbiota-gut-brain axis could lead to novel approaches for treating particular neurological conditions.
微生物群因其影响神经系统发育和功能以及多种复杂宿主行为的能力而日益受到认可。在本综述中，我们讨论了肠道微生物群在调节宿主社交和交流行为、应激源诱导行为以及学习和记忆任务表现方面的新作用。我们总结了微生物群对宿主神经生理学的影响，包括杏仁核、海马体、额叶皮质和下丘脑等区域的脑微观结构、基因表达和神经化学代谢。我们进一步评估了将肠道微生物群失调与神经行为疾病（如自闭症谱系障碍和重度抑郁症）联系起来的证据，这些证据来自动物模型和人体试验的研究结果。最后，基于微生物群、神经生理学和行为之间日益增加的关联，我们思考研究微生物群-肠道-脑轴的潜在机制是否能带来治疗特定神经疾病的新方法。
