Ye Xin, Zhang Chengfei
School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China.
Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China.
Curr Stem Cell Res Ther. 2017;12(5):377-387. doi: 10.2174/1574888X12666170316105805.
Various clinical studies have revealed that cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are associated with bone loss diseases such as osteoporosis and periodontitis, especially in older population. As one of the best-established risk factors of CVD, hyperlipidemia is also reported to interfere with the metabolism, function and regeneration of mineralized tissues. Derived from postnatal tissue reservoirs, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are considered promising cell sources for mesenchymal and non-mesenchymal tissue regeneration based on their capacities for self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation as well as potent immunosuppressive effects, secretion of cytokines and regulation of vascularization. MSCs could home to the injury sites from peripheral circulation, proliferate and differentiate into bone-forming cells, therefore significantly enhancing bone regeneration. However, elevated blood lipid levels affect the physiological behaviors of MSCs, as well as the performance of transplanted MSCs.
This review aims to summarize the effects of hyperlipidemia and CVD on the proliferation, osteogenic differentiation and homing of MSCs. The principal observations of the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms as well as the effects of lipid-lowering therapy on MSCs are also discussed.
多项临床研究表明，心血管疾病（CVD）与骨质疏松症和牙周炎等骨质流失疾病有关，尤其是在老年人群中。作为CVD最确定的危险因素之一，高脂血症也被报道会干扰矿化组织的代谢、功能和再生。间充质干细胞（MSCs）来源于出生后的组织库，基于其自我更新、多向分化能力以及强大的免疫抑制作用、细胞因子分泌和血管生成调节能力，被认为是间充质和非间充质组织再生的有前景的细胞来源。MSCs可以从外周循环归巢到损伤部位，增殖并分化为成骨细胞，从而显著增强骨再生。然而，血脂水平升高会影响MSCs的生理行为以及移植MSCs的性能。
本综述旨在总结高脂血症和CVD对MSCs增殖、成骨分化和归巢的影响。还讨论了潜在细胞和分子机制的主要观察结果以及降脂治疗对MSCs的影响。
