Zhang A, Young J R, Suon S, Ashley K, Windsor P A, Bush R D
Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, Camden, NSW, Australia.
Department of Animal Health and Production, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Phnom Penh, Cambodia.
Trop Anim Health Prod. 2017 Apr;49(4):791-806. doi: 10.1007/s11250-017-1264-1. Epub 2017 Mar 18.
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) was first identified in Cambodia in 2010, causing serious problems on affected farms, although the costs of the disease have not been well defined. The household financial impact of a PRRS outbreak in Cambodia was investigated using partial budget analysis, examining the economic benefit of three proposed interventions: (i) quarterly PRRS vaccine use, (ii) biosecurity implementation, and (iii) implementation of vaccination and biosecurity. The analyses were applied to three farm models: (i) a two-sow breeder; (ii) a five-pig fattener; and (iii) a single-sow, three-pig farrow-to-finish/breeder. Data was derived from a knowledge, attitude, and practice survey of 240 smallholder farmers (61 with pigs) from 16 villages across 5 provinces, plus case studies of 12 farmers selected for more detailed financial analysis. The study indicated that financial losses associated with PRRS were severe, with a 25% mean loss to the annual household income of 61 interviewed farmers. Partial budget analysis identified a strongly positive incentive for vaccination and biosecurity to be implemented in combination, with the highest annual net benefit of USD 357.10 realised by the breeder system. However, due to current scarcity of the PRRS vaccine and its high cost to smallholders, biosecurity interventions may be more cost-effective, especially for low PRRS incidence regions. It was concluded that PRRS critically constrains the profitability of smallholder pig farms and that these findings will assist development of village-level livestock disease risk management programmes that encourage adoption of vaccination and biosecurity practices to enhance farmer livelihoods in Cambodia.
猪繁殖与呼吸综合征（PRRS）于2010年在柬埔寨首次被发现，给受影响的养殖场带来了严重问题，尽管该疾病的成本尚未明确界定。本研究采用部分预算分析方法，调查了柬埔寨PRRS疫情对家庭财务的影响，研究了三种建议干预措施的经济效益：（i）每季度使用PRRS疫苗；（ii）实施生物安全措施；（iii）实施疫苗接种和生物安全措施。分析应用于三种养殖模式：（i）一个两母猪繁殖场；（ii）一个五头猪的育肥场；（iii）一个单母猪、三头猪的从产仔到育肥/繁殖场。数据来源于对5个省份16个村庄的240名小农户（61户养猪户）的知识、态度和行为调查，以及对12名农户进行更详细财务分析的案例研究。研究表明，与PRRS相关的财务损失严重，受访的61户农户家庭年收入平均损失25%。部分预算分析表明，联合实施疫苗接种和生物安全措施有强烈的积极激励作用，繁殖场系统实现的年度净效益最高，为357.10美元。然而，由于目前PRRS疫苗稀缺且对小农户成本高昂，生物安全干预措施可能更具成本效益，特别是在PRRS发病率较低的地区。研究得出结论，PRRS严重制约了小农户养猪场的盈利能力，这些研究结果将有助于制定村级牲畜疾病风险管理计划，鼓励采用疫苗接种和生物安全措施，以改善柬埔寨农民的生计。
