Riedl Ruth A, Atkinson Samantha N, Burnett Colin M L, Grobe Justin L, Kirby John R
Department of Pharmacology, University of Iowa, 51 Newton Rd., 2-307 BSB, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
Department of Informatics, subtract Bioinformatics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
Curr Hypertens Rep. 2017 Apr;19(4):27. doi: 10.1007/s11906-017-0721-6.
The influence of gut bacteria upon host physiology is increasingly recognized, but mechanistic links are lacking. Diseases of energetic imbalance such as obesity and diabetes represent major risk factors for cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension. Thus, here, we review current mechanistic contributions of the gut microbiota to host energetics.
Gut bacteria generate a multitude of small molecules which can signal to host tissues within and beyond the gastrointestinal tract to influence host physiology, and gut bacteria can also influence host digestive efficiency by altering the bioavailability of polysaccharides, yet the quantitative energetic effects of these processes remain unclear. Recently, our team has demonstrated that gut bacteria constitute a major anaerobic thermogenic biomass, which can quantitatively account for obesity. Quantitative understanding of the mechanisms by which gut bacteria influence energy homeostasis may ultimately inform the relationship between gut bacteria and cardiovascular dysfunction.
肠道细菌对宿主生理的影响日益受到认可，但机制联系尚缺乏。肥胖和糖尿病等能量失衡疾病是高血压等心血管疾病的主要危险因素。因此，在此我们综述肠道微生物群对宿主能量代谢的当前机制贡献。
肠道细菌产生多种小分子，这些小分子可向胃肠道内外的宿主组织发出信号以影响宿主生理，并且肠道细菌还可通过改变多糖的生物利用度来影响宿主消化效率，然而这些过程的定量能量效应仍不清楚。最近，我们的团队已证明肠道细菌构成主要的厌氧产热生物量，这可以从数量上解释肥胖问题。对肠道细菌影响能量稳态机制的定量理解最终可能为肠道细菌与心血管功能障碍之间的关系提供依据。
